Gene Expeession And Gene Mutations Flashcards
Proteins that bind to DNA to control transcription. They act as gene switches to turn the genes on or off.
Regulatory Proteins
Process by which information for a gene is used to make a working gene product (proteins, tRNA, and rRNA). The type of cell made is figured out by the genes that are expressed.
Gene Expression
All cells contain the same What?
DNA and GENES
What cell it is and how it functions is determined by…?
What genes are turned on or off
Genes that are turned on (transcribed) result in different proteins being made (translated), which makes cell what it is
Cell Differentiation
Master control genes
How genes
Control order and location where cells, tissues, and organs develop in an organism
If Hox Genes do not turn on in right order, body parts can develop in wrong spot
Hox Genes
A sudden change in structure or amount of genetic material
Mutation
Some have no effect
Some beneficial
Some harmful
Mutations
A change that affects genes on a chromosome
Gene Mutation
Types of gene mutations
Point and frame shift mutations
A mutation affects NO MORE than one nucleotide in the gene
Point mutation
There is substitution of one nucleotide for another which affects the protein that is made
Point mutation
Effects of substitution
Some code for same proteins
Different amino acid which changes protein
Nonsense protein that never gets made
Gene mutation that involves insertion or deletion of a nucleotide
Frame shift mutation
Effect of frame shift mutation
No protein made
