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Biology > Earthquakes And Volcano Review Sheet For Test Part 2- 11/20/2014 > Flashcards

Earthquakes And Volcano Review Sheet For Test Part 2- 11/20/2014 Flashcards

0
Q

Move slowly through rock

A

S waves

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1
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

P waves

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2
Q

Large sea wave created by an underwater earthquake, volcano, or landslide

A

Tsunami

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3
Q

Measure AMOUNT OF ENERGY released by earthquake

A

Moment magnitude scale

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4
Q

Ash, dust, cinders, blocks thrown into the air from volcanic eruptions

A

Tephra

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5
Q

Movement of earth’s crust releases…

A

Stored energy

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6
Q

Break in a mass of rock along which movement occurs

A

Fault

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7
Q

Cannot travel through liquid

A

S wave

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8
Q

Example of a cinder come volcano

A

Para cutin

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9
Q

Hawaii was made from a

A

Hot spot (middle of plate)

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10
Q

Hot, fast moving lava

A

Pahoehoe

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11
Q

Example of transform fault

A

San-Andraus fault

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12
Q

Location under earth’s surface where earthquakes start

A

Focus

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13
Q

Rocks pull on crust stretching rock

A

Tension (a stress)

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14
Q

Scale that measures MAGNITUDE of earthquakes

A

Richter scale

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15
Q

Molten rock on Earth’s surface

A

Lava

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16
Q

Example of a composite volcano

A

Mt. Fuji

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17
Q

Molten rock UNDER earth’s surface

A

Magma

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18
Q

Location on earth’s surface above focus

A

Epicenter

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19
Q

Volcanoes with:

Broad slopes

Quiet eruptions

Largest volcanoes

A

Shield volcanoes

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20
Q

Transverse waves

A

S- waves

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21
Q

Clouds of tephra with hot gas that move fast

Most dangerous part of a volcanic eruption

A

Phyroplastic flow

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22
Q

Fault cause by tension

A

Normal fault

23
Q

RATES type of damage and other effects noted by observers

A

Modified Mercalli scale

24
Q

Slow, chunky lava

A

AA

25
Q

Rocks are pushed into two opposite directions (what stress?)

A

Shearing

26
Q

Example of a shield cone volcano

A

Mauna Loa

27
Q

Wave that looks like a compressed spring

A

P wave

28
Q

Plate that matches with ring of fire

A

Pacific plate

29
Q

Rocks are squeezed until they break (type of stress on a rock)

A

Compression

30
Q

Energy from earthquakes is released as…

A

Seismic waves

31
Q

Wave that looks like a rope being shaken up and down

A

S wave

32
Q

Type of eruption where lava erupts in a stream of easily flowing lava

A

Quiet eruption

33
Q

Fault caused by compression

A

Reverse Fault

34
Q

Underwater lava

A

Pillow lava

35
Q

Used to record P waves, S waves, and Surface waves

A

Seismograph

36
Q

Volcano built from alternating layers of ash, cinders and lava

Explosive eruptions

A

Composite volcano

37
Q

Fault cause by shearing

A

Strike-slip fault

38
Q

Structure that allows magma to rise to the surface

A

Pipe (Condult)

39
Q

Waves that move slower than S and P waves but produce larger ground movements (more damage)

A

Surface waves

40
Q

80% of all volcanoes are located here

A

Ring of Fire

41
Q

A volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted in the past 10.000 years

A

Active Volcano

42
Q

Active volcano that’s not erupting but is thought to erupt again

A

Dormant

43
Q

This is connected to the conduit and is a bowl shaped pit at top of volcano

A

Crater

44
Q

First waves to reach the recording station

A

P waves

45
Q

Depression at top of volcano caused by shell collapse

A

Caldera

46
Q

Volcano with steep sides, explosive eruptions of ash and cinders

A

Cinder cone

47
Q

Occurs in middle of plates & the region where hot rock extends from the mantle

A

Hot spot

48
Q

Protrusion from extra lava flows

A

Lava dome

49
Q

Type of eruption when LAVA and HOT GASES are thrown outward (Lava solidifies quickly)

A

Explosive eruption

50
Q

Has not erupted for 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again

A

Extinct

51
Q

Where magma collects

A

Magma chamber

52
Q

Damage of earthquake depends on…

A
  • Distance between populated areas and the epicenter,
  • The depth of the focus, and
  • The physical properties of the surface rocks.
53
Q

Composite, explosive Mt. Fuji

A

…

54
Q

Shield volcano, quiet eruption, Mona loa

A
55
Q

Normal- tension

A

Compression-reverse

56
Q

Shearing- strike- slip

A

Thank You! :)

Biology (12 decks)

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