Gender: Out of school factors (Girls) Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the 4 out of school factors?
- Impact of Feminism (McRobbie)
- Changes in the family
- Changes in women’s employment
- Changing ambitions
What has feminism challenged since the 1960s?
The stereotypes of a woman’s role as mother and housewife within a patriarchal family.
How has feminism broadly influenced girls’ expectations?
It has raised their expectations and ambitions regarding careers and family.
What change in media representation of women is illustrated by McRobbie’s comparison?
Magazines in the 1970s stressed marriage, while those in the 1990s emphasized career and independence.
Despite better exam results, what issue do girls still face in the job market?
They are less likely to get the top jobs.
What concept describes the way girls experience patriarchy in schools? (A03 of Impact of Feminism)
The male gaze.
What has increased in the last 30 years regarding family structures?
Divorce rate, cohabitation, number of lone-parent families
How do changes in family structures affect girls’ attitudes towards education?
They create new role models and emphasize the need for good qualifications.
What role do women in female-headed lone-parent families often take on?
Major income-earner role.
What is a significant aspiration for most people regarding family?
A form of traditional nuclear family.
What has the increase in female-headed lone-parent families created for girls?
A new financially independent, career-minded role model.
What is the impact of the traditional nuclear family on the explanation of family changes? (A03 of changes in the family)
It undermines the importance of this explanation.
What was the proportion of women in employment in 1971?
Under 53%
What was the proportion of women in employment in 2013?
Over 67%
What term describes the invisible barrier that women face in high-level professional jobs?
Glass ceiling
What is one effect of greater employment opportunities for women?
Incentive for girls to take education seriously
True or False: Research shows that most top jobs are dominated by women. (A03 of changes in employment)
False
What view is supported by research regarding changes in girls’ ambitions?
Changes in the family and employment are producing changes in girls’ ambitions.
Which researcher compared interviews with girls from the 1970s and 1990s?
Sue Sharpe - Her work highlights the evolution of girls’ aspirations over these two decades
What were the priorities of girls in the 1970s according to Sue Sharpe?
Love, marriage, husbands, and children before careers.
How did girls’ aspirations change from the 1970s to the 1990s?
Girls became more likely to see their future as independent women with a career.
What does CAGES refer to in the context of girls’ career opportunities? (A03 of Changing Ambitions)
Class differences affecting opportunities for independent careers - It highlights that not all girls have equal access to career ambitions.
What is a significant issue affecting working-class girls’ ambitions?
They continue to have gender-stereotyped aspirations.
