Gender Identities

Question 1

Name all Gender identity factors.

Answer 1

-Male peer groups
-Teacher discipline
-Male gaze
-Double standards
-Verbal Abuse
-Policing Identities

Question 2

Explain Male peer groups
(AO1,AO2)

Answer 2

AO1
-use verbal abuse to reinforce there definition of masculinity
-Willis study-subculture
AO2
-Mac and Ghail, peer groups reproduce different masculine identities
-‘macho lads’, were dismissive of other WC boys

Question 3

Evaluate Male peer groups

Answer 3

There has been generational change and the ‘new man’ concept exists.
(rejects sexism and boys can take on expressive role)

Question 4

Explain Teacher discipline.
(AO1,AO2)

Answer 4

AO1
Haywood ,Mac and Ghail
-Teachers tell off boys for acting like girls and tease there for getting lower than them in exams
-This reinforces gender stereotypes for being tough and emotionless this forms male gender identity
AO2
Francis
-girls are seen as quiet and dismissive
-punished more harshly if they don’t conform
-This forms the gender identity to be submissive

Question 5

Evaluate Teacher Discipline.

Answer 5

Increase of Ladettes-girls taking on masculine characteristics.

Question 6

Explain The Male gaze
(AO1,AO2)

Answer 6

AO1
-Mac and Ghail,a way of seeing girls as sexual objects
-Surveillance in which dominant masculinity is reinforced and feminist is devalued
AO2
-through sexual conquests
-if not done boys are labelled as ‘gay’

Question 7

Evaluate the Male gaze

Answer 7

Policies are put in place to tackle this problem for example the sex discrimination act.

Question 8

Explain Double Standards
(AO1,AO2)

Answer 8

AO1
-apply moral standards to one group and a different one to another
AO2
-boys boast about there sexual conquests
>girls are labelled as ‘slags’ if not dressed a certain way or have a steady boyfriend
-Sexual conquests are approve by male peers
>promiscuity attracts negative labels
This reinforces hegemonic masculinity and subordination of feminine identities

Question 9

Evaluate Double standards

Answer 9

Feminists-is a example of a ideological state apparatus which helps with social control to reinforce gender inequality

Question 10

Explain verbal abuse (AO1,AO2)

Answer 10

FRANCIS
-boys often dominate classroom discussions and belittle female contributions
-Belittle behaviour that is ‘girly/gay’
>being friendly with female teachers and girls
-Reinforces masculinity
-Use the term abuse related to female body parts

Question 11

Evaluate verbal abuse.

Answer 11

PSHE and CITZENSHIP promote equality and respect

Question 12

Explain policing identity (AO1,AO2)

Answer 12

Archer
-WC girls gain symbolic capital by performing hyper-heterosexual feminine identities
-constructing a sexy appearance using Nike
-if they don’t conform they are at risk of being called a tramp
Currie et al
-girls have to balance competitive demands
-being loyal to female subcultures while competing for boys in dating subculture
-too competitive slut shamed
-not frigid shamed
-shaming is used as tool to police each other identities

Question 13

Evaluate policing identities

Answer 13

Francis-MC boffins define the WC as chavs