ETHNICITY-OUT OF SCHOOL

Question 1

Name all of the internal factors of Ethnicity

Answer 1

-Material deprivation
-Cultural deprivation (Family structure)
-Lack of parental support
-racism in wider society
-attitudes and values
-intellectual and linguistic language

Question 2

Explain material deprivation AO1

Answer 2

AO1
-Sociologists argue that ethnic differences stem from material deprivation

Question 3

Explain the AO2 of material deprivation

Answer 3

-P + B are 5x more likely than white people to be part of the poorest 5th of the population
-They are 3x more likely to be homeless
-Unemployment is 3x more likely for African-Caribbean, P + B than white people
-P and B are more likely to work in low paid unskilled jobs
-due to lack of language,Qualification not being recognised or racial discrimination.
-This parallels educational achievement
-Indians tend to achieve better are from better backgrounds

Question 4

Evaluate Material deprivation AO3

Answer 4

Governments have policies which tackle this problem E.G bursary,buss pass

Question 5

Explain the AO1 and AO2 of Family structure

Answer 5

MOYNIHAN
-believes many black families are headed by lone mothers so children are deprived from adequate care.
MURRAY
-similar as he believes in then nuclear family
-Boys SHOULDNT miss out on a fatherly figure in the home
-There is a cycle of black kids failing and become the inadequate parent

Question 6

Evaluate Family structure AO3

Answer 6

PILKINGTON
-cultural explanations should be approached with caution as there is then danger of ethnocentrism in which they view other cultures as inferior due to being different.This distracts people from the failings of the education system.

Question 7

What is the AO1 and AO2 of lack of parental support?

Answer 7

SEWELL
-argues against Murray and says that it’s not because of the absence of a fatherly role model that boys underachieve
-IT IS due to the lack of fatherly nurturing and tough love
-This makes it hard for black boys to overcome the emotional and behavioural difficulties they face in adolescent years
-Street gangs offer black boys loyalty and love
>this presents a media inspired role model of anti school and black masculinity which is reinforced through rap lyrics

Question 8

Evaluate lack of parental support AO3

Answer 8

Gillborn
Argues that it is not due to peer pressure that boys underachieve but due to Institutional racism in educations which fails black boys.

Question 9

Explain the AO1 of Racism in Wider society.

Answer 9

-racism may be able to explain which ethnic minorities live in poverty and are in low paid jobs
-MASON says that racial discrimination is a continuing persistent feature of experience of burnish citizens from ethnic minority groups

Question 10

Explain the AO2 of racism in wider society.

Answer 10

WOOD ET AL
-sent 3 job applications to 1000 vancies
-were all fictional applicant who had names associated with different ethnic groups
-1 white person and 2 ethnic minorities
-1/16 ethnic minorities were able to get offered a interview compared to 1/9 white people
>can have a negative effect on a child’s education prospect and also can cause financial problems in EM familiess

Question 11

Evaluate racism in wider society AO3

Answer 11

Equal opportunity legislations have been put in place to tackle this problem for example the equal pay act.

Question 12

Explain the AO1 of Cultural deprivation (attitudes and values)Black families.

Answer 12

-Black children don’t tend to get socialised into the mainstream culture which insists the value of long term success
-They are socialised in the fantastical live for today attitude which doesn’t value education.

Question 13

Evaluate Cultural deprivation (attitudes and values)Black families AO3

Answer 13

Sociologist sugerman would agree but would say that attitudes and values stem from social class

Question 14

Explain cultural deprivation (attitudes and values)Asian families AO1

Answer 14

DRIVER AND BALLARDS
-asian families have high aspirations for children this contributes to other education success
-they place a high value on education and pass on the Asian work ethic which more likely to make them overachieve
LUPTON,adult authority in Asian families is the same as the model that opperates in school so they would have respect which is expected in school

Question 15

Evaluate cultural deprivation (attitudes and values) Asian families AO3

Answer 15

-Doesn’t explain which P and B underachieve as they also have the Asian work ethic and high aspiration from families

Question 16

Explain the AO1 of intellectual and linguistic language Asian Families

Answer 16

-there is the view that those who do not speak English are more likely to be held back educationally.
-MOST FLUENT:Chinese,Indian and black
-LEAST FLUENT:Pakistani and Bengali
-PSI released data which showed a huge gender difference
-All Boys are able to speak English
-A 5th of Pakistan and bengali girls can speak English

Question 17

Evaluate intellectual and linguistic language of Asian families AO3

Answer 17

-However statistics show that this isn’t a major factors as in 2010 pupils who spoke English were only 3.% ahead of those who didn’t
-Gil born and Mirza not that the very high attainment of Indian students suggest that having English as a second language may not make as much of a difference

Question 18

Explain the AO1 of black families of intellectual and linguistic language.

Answer 18

BERNER AND ENGLESMEN
-believe that language used in black families is inadequate for educational success
-it is ungrammatical,disjointed and incapable of explaining abstract concepts (restricted code)
-This places them at a disadvantage as the education system favour the elaborated code e.g teachers tests
-cultural deprivation sociologists argue that children from low income black families lack stimulation and enriching experience.

Question 19

Evaluate intellectual and linguistic language black families AO3

Answer 19

Bernsteins speech code supports this as they is a speech hierarchy in schools which favours the elaborate code
-so teachers would negatively label black boys based on there language
-so would lower there self esteem.