gender dysphoria-EVAL Flashcards
BIO:
one PROBLRM with BST is that their is CONTRADICTORY evidence.
claimed that it’s fully formed at 5 and so hormone treatment that trans individuals may go through as part of gender re-assignment does NOT have an effect on the BST.
challenged by at research that has found trans hormone therapy DID affect size of BST.
PROBLEM for the theory as it goes AGAINST the idea that BST is fully formed at 5 and unaffected by hormone treatment if it actually might be. Therefore this LOWERS the IV of the BST as hormones have become a CONFOUNDING variable and e are unsure whether we are TRULY measuring BST as a bio cause of GD.
BIO:
one ISSUE is that twin studies are inconclusive
Coolidge found 62% concordance rate between identical twins and GD, Gunter found 39% however these are both LOW rates and so not 100% proven that the role of genetics DOES play a part in GD.
These rates also suggest that GD is SOLELY based on/influenced by nature which may mean we are MISSING the influence NURTURE has on our sex and gender (GD) development.
Difficult to SEPARATE influence of nature and nurture as the twins ENVIRO may be the same between them.
samples are SMALL which is an issue as it means studies LACK pop,validity and results may NOT generalise to he rest of the population as a WHOLE.
BIO:
one ISSUE is that bio explanations are REDUCTIONIST
they take the COMPLEX issue of GD and REDUCE it down to just brain-sex or genetic factors.
ISSUE as it means we could be MISSING other IMPORTANT factors such as SOCIAL factors which may be influencing GD.
therefore take an INTERACTIONIST approach where we look at BOTH bio and social factors TOGETHER to not miss any influences on GD.
SOCIAL:
one STRENGTH of social constructionism is that not all cultures have 2 genders
INCREASING numbers now define themselves as NON-BINARY which suggests that cultural understanding is only NOW beginning to catch up with the lived experience of many.
This is a CHALLENGE to the TRADITIONAL binary classification of male and female and is a STRENGTH of gender identity and GD that is best seen a SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION rather than a bio fact.
SOCIAL:
one ISSUE is that the psychoanalytic theory does NOT provide an account of GD in FEMALES
Ovesey and Person only provide explanations for GD in MEN which is an ANDROCENTRIC study as it focuses on men.
LOW pop. validity and CANT be generalised back to SOCIETY as a whole ONLY men and trans women.
REKERS found that it was MORE likely that GD in those assigned MALE at birth is LINKED to the absence of a father rather than a FEAR of separation from the mother, so the psychoanalaytic theory does NOT provide a comprehensive account of GD
one WEAKNESS of the psychoanalytic thoery is that it CANT be scientifically observed or tested.
This is due to the idea that men experience SEP anxiety and FUSION with their mothers which are UNCONSCIOUS experiences and cannot be VERIFIED if a REPRESSED fantasy TRIGGERS GD unless evidence is available.
Untestable and unfalsifiable, cannot be PROVEN or DISPROVEN which makes it LACK scientific validity as an explanation of GD.
