gender differences in achievement (boys & internal factors)

Question 1

what are the 2 internal factors?

Answer 1

-feminisation of schooling
-laddish subcultures

Question 2

3 explanations for feminisation of schooling

Answer 2

-schools no longer adopt masculine traits.
-introduction of coursework
disadvantages boys.
-lack of male primary school teachers

Question 3

what are laddish subcultures?

Answer 3

peer pressure on boys means that they must demonstrate their masculinity through a anti school subculture.