Gender Com Flashcards
What are some Examples of gender across cultures
-U.S. Women are seen having plastic surgery to increase attractiveness
-Asian cultures- Foot Binding
What is Standpoint theory?
*Every society has differnet groups with more or less power and priviledge
*Groups affect how we experince and understand the world around us
Three Key Points:
1.) Everyone sees the world differntly and will not have complete view of social life
2.) Some people have a more limited view of others
3.) A standpoing is something you work for since it requires a deep understanding and awareness of differences.
What is Symbolic interactionism Theory?
Communication plays a significant role in identity development because communication reflects societies values.
What is Biological theory?
Biological characteristics which are chromosomes, hormones and brain specialization account for gender differences.
what is Psychological theory?
Interaction is influnced by families and social contexts.
what is Anthropological theory?
Gender is influenced by culture therefore different societies will have different views of gender
How do parents create gender?
*Positive and negative reinforcements
Girls are reward for being having caring attributes while boys are rewarded for being competitive and independent.
*Descriptions
boys- strong, active, big
Girls- small, delicate,
*Communication styles
Girls- Feelings, relationships
Boys-Numbers
How do teacher create Gender?
- positive and negative reinforcement
- Ability to preform
- Bias for ability to do well
- Stereotypes
How peers/games/play create gender?
*Peer pressure
*Rewards and Punishments
*Activities
How does toys create gender?
-Color of toys
-types of toys
How do chores create gender
-Girls have inside chores while boy have outside chores
-Outside chores might be considered more difficult then inside chores
How does the film the mask you live in discuss creating masculinity
- Emotional Suppression
-Boys are taught to hide emotions and if they show emotions then they are girly
*influence of media
-Video games that encourage boys that to be masculine you have to be tough
*Role Models
-dads are less present so they might not have good role models
*Mental health
-With all of these factors male tend to seek help less
Gender in TV/Films
Men
-Extreme stereotypes
-Overrepresentation of Men
-Not shown doing “women’s” roles
Women
-Shown doing stereotypical activities
-Sexualized
Gender and Print Ads
*Posing and body positioning
-Women are shown in passive ways while males are shown to be active. Males are also shown to be center character while females are shown to be in background roles
*Facial expressions and eye contact
women are shown not making eye contact but males will be
*Clothing
Women are shown to be in less clothing while males will be shown wearing clothing that highlight stereotypical attributes
Consequences and Implications of Gender portrays in the media?
-normalizes unrealistic standards
-Reinforces stereotypes
-Under represents females
-Normalizes gendered violence
How we talk About Women and Men- All three
Issues of Emphasis
Trivializing Language
Semantic derogation
How we talk ABOUT Women and Men- Issues of Emphasis
*Generic he/man (man Kind)
*Job titles (Postman)
*Exclamations (Oh Boy)
*Gender specific Compliments (waiter/waitress)
*Other man-linked terms (freshman)
*group reference (you guys)
*Formal terms of address (MR.)
*surnames
How we talk ABOUT men and women- Trivializing language
*Metaphors (she’s a fox)
*Possessives (his wife)
*Girl Expressions (you run like a girl)
*Diminutive suffixes (prince/ Princess)
*Markers (ladies Basketball)
How we talk ABOUT men and women- Semantic derogation
Semantic derogation
*word pairs (bachelor/bachelorette)
*Sexual Vocab
*Whole Language
Gender & nonverbal: clothing
- Men are to work so they wear bland colors and flat shoes
-Women are to be looked at so they wear bright colors, no pockets, form fitting, heels. clingy fabrics, and revealing clothing
Male-Male Friendships
1.) shared activities
2.)Companions
3.)Interacting- side by side
4.)Sharing-space: indirect feelings
5.)Diversionary activities
6.) Covert intimacy (Bro five)
7.) Narrow scope lots of friends
8.) dude favors- incremental reciprocity
Female-Female friendships
1.) Talk
2.) Confidants
3.)Interact-Face to Face
4.)Share-Feelings
5.)Explicit talk about relationships
6)Explicit displays of affections (Hugs, ILY’s)
7.) Few friends but very deep
8.)Envy+competition is a problem
Cross sex friendships
-Less emotionally intense for females
-Men get emotional support
-Occur in college because there can be jealously from third parties , Not common, Sexual Tension
Gender & Family:
Phycological responsibility- The work of remembering, planning, organizing, and making sure that tasks in the family get done—even if the person isn’t the one physically doing them.
Second shift- Coming home after work and having to essentially take on another job of caring for the home and children
Division of Chores- How chores are divided between different members which can be gendered
Gender & Violence-Female subjugation around the world
1.) Women might have less right and access to necessary resources
2.) Practices can harm women
3.)Violence against women (sex trafficking)
Gender and Violence Implications of Porn
-Encourages unrealistic expectations
-Justifies Gendered violence
-Impacts own self perceptions
Gender and Violence: Dreamworld III findings
1.) Women are constable being objectified
2.)Males are shown as being aggressive and dominant
3.) sexualized violence is normalized
4.) It impacts real world attitudes
5.) The media constructs a dreamworld
gender and Violence: Sex trafficking
- It is a big issue around the world
-It is often because of manipulation or control
-Poverty and gender are linked to sex trafficking
-Society often blames women for
Gender & Education
effortless perfection- Girls are supposed to be be high achieving and try to be perfect
Boys- Are given more leeway especially in times they are acting out
Culture of romance- During college however, romance is emphasized for women while men are supposed to excel more
Gender & Organization: Dating Co worker
*Do not do it
*Different risk for men and women
*Women will be judged more while men are celebrated
Gender & Organization: Leadership
1.) women and men are presumed to have stereotypical styles.
2.) Women have to prove themselves more
Gender & Organization: Informal Practices
1.) old boys club
-Network of males to get promotions
2.) Behavior expectations
-Leadership styles
3.)Women do the emotional labor
-They are expected to comfort others
70’s Research on genderlects
- Women Speak is wishwashy, powerless, non-assertive.
-Minimize the speaker and maximize the audience
1.) Men use statements Vs Women use questions
2.) Women use hedges or qualifiers such as kinda, sorta, maybe, perhaps
3.) Disclaimers such as I’m not sure, I might be wrong
80’s research on Powerless/Powerful
-People who do not have power use powerless dialect
Obarr & Atkins
-look at court room
-Lower class & uneducated people sed powerless speak features
-Depended on experience level in the court room
Problems
-Could not replicate in other settings
-What determines powerful.powerless speech features
-Politness
Research in to 90’s- How we talk TO women and men
Addressee effect- We all talk different depending who we are speaking to
Stereotype effect
- We all listen differently to men and women
Research of the 90’s Men and Women talking the SAME
In Clarks study found that
- Length of conversations were the same
-Satisfaction was the same
-Topics were the same (Gossip, Activities)
-Objectives were the same ( Friendly)
Research of the 90’s- WHICH women & men are talking?
- Men use language to construct their power and masculinity
For example swearing can be used to impress opposite sex but
Research of the 90’s Men & Women talking on Speech continuum and Individual variation
Speech continuum- Is a range of speaking styles that can be used to show different identities deepening on social context
Individual Variation- The ways people choose to use language to preform their identities will depend on the person and their emotions
