Gender

Question 1

Parsons

Answer 1

Sex role theory: Socialisation into gender roles/norms means women do not engage in crime as they have an expressive/emotive role, whereas men have an instrumental role, so they need to provide

Question 2

Pollack

Answer 2

Chivalry thesis: A male dominated criminal justice system means that women are treated leniently. Male officers don’t want to arrest women

Question 3

Heidensohn

Answer 3

Double deviance: Women are seen as committing double deviance for committing a crime and going against gender norms
Control theory: Women don’t have the opportunity to commit crime as they are controlled by patriarchal structures (the home, workplace and public)

Question 4

Flood-Page

Answer 4

Women are more likely to be cautioned than charged

Question 5

Buckle and Harrington

Answer 5

Women are more likely to be prosecuted for shoplifting than men

Question 6

Carlen

Answer 6

Control theory: Women are offered class deals (material factors) and gender deals (emotional factors) which means they conform for these rewards

Question 7

Where does Heidensohn say women are controlled?

Answer 7

The home, public and workplace

Question 8

Adler

Answer 8

Liberation thesis: With fewer patriarchal controls, female crime has been on the increase since 1950s-1990s, such as girl gangs and armed robbery

Question 9

Messerschmidt

Answer 9

Constructions of masculinity: Normative masculinity needs to be worked in different ways at and has class differences, e.g. MC drinking and pranking and WC being oppositional

Question 10

Winlow

Answer 10

Constructions of masculinity: Sunderland bouncers used their bodily capital and violence in a postmodern society to stay masculine. They also had access to illegal business

Question 11

Who can be used as an example of Heidensohn’s double deviance?

Answer 11

Maxine Carr