Control and punishment

Question 1

Foucault

Answer 1

We have moved from sovereign power to disciplinary power, where individuals are controlled through self-surveillance. This is like a panopticon

Question 2

Lyon

Answer 2

Looked at surveillance through social media as a new form of control and to aid consumption

Question 3

Mathieson

Answer 3

We now have a synopticon, whereby everybody watches everyone else. Rather than a few powerful people doing the monitoring, the media allows the many to see the few

Question 4

Feeley and Simon

Answer 4

Technology and surveillance are being used to target certain groups, who are believed to have a higher risk of offending. Calculations of risk are used to predict and therefore prevent offending, e.g. airport security

Question 5

Felson

Answer 5

The Port Authority bus terminal was poorly designed and allowed for criminal and deviant acts to take place, so it was redesigned and the activity reduced. Such changes include removing the large sinks that homeless people washed in and replacing them with small basins

Question 6

Garland

Answer 6

The UK and USA are moving to an era of mass incarceration due to the growth of the politicisation of crime control since the 1970s as society has moved to a more punitive approach to crime

Question 7

Durkheim

Answer 7

Punishment upholds social solidarity and shared values by expressing society’s moral outrage. There are two types of expression that depend on the type of society; retributive (severe and purely expressive), and restitutive (repair and restore)