gen chem Flashcards
can be observed, measured, and tested, without changing the composition of matter.
physical properties
do not depend on the amount Of matter present or being measured
intensive properties
properties that depend on the amount of matter present or being tested
extensive properties
are properties involved in the transformation. of substances into other materials
chemical properties
do not alter the identity of a substance
physical change
produce new compound with a different chemical composition
chemical change
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
- COMBINATION REACTION
- DECOMPOSITION REACTION
- SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
- DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
A + B = AB
COMBINATION REACTION
AB = A + B
DECOMPOSITION REACTION
A + BC = AC + B
SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
AB + CD = AC + BD
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
2 ways to classify matter
- Classify according to it’s physical state solid, liquid, or gas
- Classify it according to it’s composition a pure substance or a mixture
contains only one kind of element or compound.
pure substance
are substances composed of only one kind of atom
elements
lightest element among the others. First element in the periodic table
hydrogen
most abundant elements in the universe
carbon
found on toothpaste in the form of flouride
flourine
first metals used by man
copper
most abundant metals in the earth’s crust
aluminum
commonly used in food preservation
sodium
reactive metal never found free in nature
pottasium
metal that exists in liquid state
mercury
essential elements needed by the body, makes bones stronger
calcium
yellowish nonmetal found in volcanic events
sulfur
metal used to make jewelry
gold
highest electrical conductivility among metals
silver
abundant elements in the universe colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas
helium
noble gas primarly used to lights
neon
essential element in the body and a component of hemeglobin , which carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body
iron
greatest number of elements in the periodic table
metals
properties of metals
- lusturous
- malleable
- ductile
- good conductors of heat and electriccity
- hard
- high densities
rightmost part of the periodic table except for hydrogen
non metals
properties of non metals
- dull appearance
- brittle
- poor conductors of heat and electricity
- good insulators
- may exist in solid, liquid gas
- low densities
elements which have properties of both metals and non metals
metalloids
substances composed of 2 or more kinds of atoms that are chemically bonded
compounds
carbon dioxide
carbonic acid gas
sodium chloride
table salt
sodium bicarbonate
baking soda
calcium carbonate
limestone
aceitc acid
vinegar
isoprophl alcohol
rubbing alcohol
pottasium bitartrate
cream of tartar
sodium hydroxide
lye
hydrochloric acid
muriatic acid
sulfuric acid
battery acid
ammonia
battery acid
H+ ions in a aqueous solution
acid
soap ammonia etc
base
compound that is formed when an acid and base react
salt
made up of 2 or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded
mixture
has only one phase and a uniform composition all throughout
homogeneous mixture
