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R.S. > GCSE Theme D : Religion, Peace and Conflict > Flashcards

GCSE Theme D : Religion, Peace and Conflict Flashcards

1
Q

Peace definition

A

Absence of conflict that leads to happiness and harmony

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2
Q

Why is peace often hard to achieve through war?

A
  • Aftermath of war is INSTABILITY and RESENTMENT

- So peace is hard to establish after war

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3
Q

How do Christians and Muslims seek peace?

A

Prayer and meditation

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4
Q

Justice defintion

A

Equality of opportunity and treatment

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5
Q

Forgiveness definition

A

Followed by conflict, an act to establish peace to avoid future conflict

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6
Q

Christian beliefs about forgiveness

A
  • Taught too forgive others (LORDS PRAYER)
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7
Q

Muslim and Christian beliefs about forgiveness

A

God offers forgiveness to those who ask in faith

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8
Q

Reconciliation defnition

A

Conscious effort to rebuilt a relationship which has been damaged by conflict.

Very important because it prevents further conflict

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9
Q

Christian beliefs about protest

A

Protest is okay so long as it is peaceful and NOT INVOLVING VIOLENCE

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10
Q

Scholar MARTIN LUTHAR KING

A
  • Peaceful protester
  • Against unjust racist laws
  • Succeeded
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11
Q

Muslim beliefs about violence

A

Only allowed in :

  • Self defence
  • Defence of FAITH
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12
Q

What is terrorism

A
  • Damaging form of protest
  • Making society aware of their cause
  • Which frightens and pushes authorities into giving way to their demands
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13
Q

Christian beliefs about terrorism

A

No terrorism is allowed under any circumstance

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14
Q

Pros of terrorism

A
  • Gets group noticed
  • Promotes freedom of small groups

‘One mans terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter’

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15
Q

Cons of terrorism

A
  • Causes death to innocent civilians
  • Unjust war
  • Damaging in general
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16
Q

Causes of war

A
  • Greed (“for the love of money is the root to all evil”)
  • Self defence (“Those who have been attacked are permitted to take up arms”)
  • Retaliation (“If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also”)
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17
Q

Examples of greed in war

A
  • gaining land
  • controlling resources
  • deprive enemy of sources of income
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18
Q

Examples of self defence in war

A
  • defending against invasion
  • defending one’s values, beliefs
  • to defeat evil, genocide
19
Q

Examples of retaliation in war

A
  • fighting against a country that has attacked you
20
Q

What are WMDs?

A

Weapons of mass destruction, including :

  • Biological weapons
  • Chemical weapons
  • Nuclear weapons
21
Q

Examples of nuclear weapon use

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki WW2

140,000 people died in Hiroshima alone

22
Q

Arguments for WMDs

A
  • Can be used as a deterrent (Thomas Schelling)
  • Can keep peace

Examples / Scholars

  • Caused Japan to surrender, ending WW2
  • Guilio Douhet argues it is just, because civilians are weak points for the enemy and a country is more likely to win war by attacking weakpoints
  • Palmer VR, only in self defence
23
Q

Arguments against WMDs

A
  • Does not abide by Jus Ad Bellum (proportion)
  • kills innocent civilians
  • mass destruction to economy and environment

Examples / Scholars

  • isn’t supported by utilitarianism
  • killed 140,000 in Hiroshima WW2
  • Palmer VR states it should only be used in self defence
  • Sanctity of life (Christian View)
  • Christians say God only has the right to end life ‘you shall not murder : exodus’
  • WMDs would kill hundreds of thousands of people, destroying Allah’s creation
24
Q

Arguments for self defence

A
  • PALMER VR (self defence is okay if you have been
    attacked, however fight back with proportion)
  • Jus Ad Bellum (war can be fought in self defence)
  • Christian belief : ‘Eye for an eye’ : Exodus
  • Muslim belief : ‘Those who are attacked are permitted to take arms’ : Qu’ran

Muslim belief : “Fighting has been ordained for you, although is hard for you” : Qur’an

25
Q

Arguments against self defence

A
  • ‘Do not repay evil for evil’ : Romans
  • ‘If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also’ : Matthew
  • ‘Do good, God love those who do good’ : Qu’ran

QUAKERS, PACIFISTS
- “Blessed are the peacemakers” : Matthew

26
Q

Jus Ad Bellum conditions

A
  • Just cause
  • Declared by legal authority
  • Just intention (reconciliation)
  • Must be a last resort
  • Reasonable chance of success
  • Must be proportional
27
Q

Jus In Bello

A
  • Should be fought by just means (no civilians)
  • Appropriate force used (type of force and how much force)
  • Internationally agreed conventions obeyed (no torture, etc)
28
Q

Muslim attitudes to a just war

A
  • armies must not harm civilians or people in devout faith, eg. Monks
  • No mutilation, torture
  • Fought with proportion
29
Q

Who made Just war theory?

A

Augustine, Thomas Aquinas

30
Q

What is a holy war?

A

A war fought in support of a religious cause

31
Q

What must a holy war have to go ahead?

A
  • Be authorised by a leader with great authority
  • Only be fought to defend a faith from attack
  • Must meet criteria for a just war
32
Q

Modern examples of Holy War

A

al -Qaeda and Isis

33
Q

Argument for Holy War

A
  • “For all who draw the sword die by the sword” : Matthew
  • “buy a sword” : Luke
  • “eye for an eye” : Exodus
34
Q

Argument against Holy War

A
  • “God does not love those who overstep the limits” : Qur’an

- Can cause death of thousands of people

35
Q

What is pacifism?

A

A belief that war and violence is very rarely justified

36
Q

Argument for pacifism / peacemaking

A

Quakers

‘Love thy neighbor’

‘If someone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also’

‘Blessed are the peacemakers’

Anglican Pacifist Fellowship
- Teach to love enemies and be peacemakers

Muslim Peace Fellowship
- works to develop non-violent strategies for issues in society

37
Q

Argument Against pacifism

A
  • Palmer VR, self defence
  • Guilio Douhet, civilian bombing
  • ‘Fighting has been ordained for you’
  • Muslim duty to Jihad (protecting religion)
38
Q

What is a victim of war?

A
  • Injured members of armed forces
  • Families of those who died or were injured
  • Civilians left in warzones
39
Q

Christian beliefs about helping victims of war

A

Christian Beliefs
‘Love your neighbor as yourself’ : Mark

Parable of ‘Good Samaritan’ : Luke

Muslim beliefs
“Whoever saved a life, it would be as if they saved the life of all mankind” : Qur’an

40
Q

What may Victims of war require?

A
  • Psychological support
  • Money
  • Safe residency
  • Medical help
  • Food and water
  • Jobs
41
Q

Christian Organisations that help

A

Caritas

  • catholic charity who SERVE THE POOR
  • Provide food, water, shelter

Christian Aid

  • Work to end poverty
  • Raises money for refugees from Syria
42
Q

Muslim Organisations that help

A

Islamic Relief
- Provide short term aid to victims of war

Muslim Aid
- Long term aid to victims of war

43
Q

Christian Aid

A
  • Works to end poverty
  • Promotes peace, justice and human rights so war is prevented
  • Raises money to support organisations which help refugees, from Syria, Afghanistan and gaza

R.S. (15 decks)

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