Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA GCSE Biology > GCSE Infection and Response > Flashcards

GCSE Infection and Response Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A harmful microorganism that can pass communicable diseases through organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define ‘communicable’

A

A disease that can be passed from one organism to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define ‘infectious’

A

A pathogen that is highly transmittable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four types of pathogen?

A

Virus, bacteria, fungi, protist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a virus made up of?

A

Nucleus acid and protein coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are bacterium made up of?

A

Nucleoid cell wall, cytoplasm and cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are protists made up of?

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are fungi made up of?

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List some modes of transmission

A

Inhalation of droplets, contact of bodily fluids, food, water, vectors (insects))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a primary defense do?

A

Prevents the movement of pathogens into the bloodstream. It targets all pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List primary defenses

A

Mucus membrane, eyes (lyzoenzymes), stomach acid, playlets, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

Engulfs pathogens through phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Produces antibodies to fit to antigens and stick them together for phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do white blood cells know what to attack?

A

They identify antigens as self or foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define vaccination

A

A substance that is used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against an infectious disease. It kick-starts the primary immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give three ways antibiotics can kill bacteria

A

Distrusting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis and the way DNA is replicated

17
Q

How does antibiotic resistance occur?

A

Misuse of antibiotics causing only mutated resistant bacteria to survive and spread, becoming the dominant strain of the bacterium

18
Q

What is MRSA?

A

A strain of S. aureus that has become resistant to certain antibiotics

19
Q

Name three antibiotics MRSA is resistant to

A

Methicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin

20
Q

What makes a good medicine?

A

Must be effective, safe and stable

21
Q

Define placebo

A

A replica medicine

22
Q

Define blind trial

A

A trial where the patient doesn’t know if they’re getting the real drug or not

23
Q

Define double blind trial

A

A trial where neither the patient nor the doctor knows whether they’re getting the real drug or not

24
Q

What is a monoclonal antibody?

A

Identical antibodies made from mouse spleen cells and myeloma (cancer) cells

25
Q

What is myeloma?

A

Cancer of white blood cells in bone marrow

26
Q

What is a hybridoma?

A

A monoclonal antibody-producing cell made of mouse spleen cells and myeloma cells

27
Q

Why are monoclonal antibodies useful?

A

They only bind to target molecules, making location and extraction of those molecules easie

28
Q

What can the constant region be used for?

A

Binding things like coloured dye, drugs or radioactive isotopes for targeted treatment

29
Q

How are plant diseases spread?

A

Air, sap, insects, pollen/seeds, physical contaxt

30
Q

What are the key features of TMV?

A

Mosaic shapes discolouration on leaves, destroying chlorophyll and slowing down photosynthesis causing stunted growth

31
Q

What are the key feature of rose black spot?

A

Purple/black discolouration on leaves causing them to drop off. This destroys chlorophyll and stops photosynthesis, causing stunted growth

32
Q

How do plants absorb magnesium?

A

Through active transport in the roots

33
Q

What do plants need magnesium for?

A

To create chlorophyll for photosynthesis

34
Q

What are the symptoms of chlorosis?

A

Yellow leaves, stunted growth

35
Q

What do plants need nitrates for?

A

Protein synthesis (growth + repair)

36
Q

Give some common symptoms of diseased plants

A

Stunted growth, spots/malformation of leaves, discolouration, areas of decay, pests

AQA GCSE Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions