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AQA GCSE Biology > GCSE Circulatory System > Flashcards

GCSE Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is double circulation?

A

When blood passes through the heart twice every circuit around the body

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2
Q

Describe how double circulation works

A

Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the lungs to the heart. Oxygenated blood travels to the left side of the heart to be pumped to the body

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3
Q

How does single circulation in fish work?

A

Heart (deox) —> gills (ox) —> body (deox) —> heart

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4
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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5
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

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6
Q

Describe the function of semilunar valves

A

Valves between ventricles and arteries open when ventricles contract, close when ventricles relax to prevent blood backflow

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7
Q

Describe the function of AV valves

A

Open fully when atria contract to let blood flow into ventricles, close when ventricles contract to prevent backflow into atrium

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8
Q

What are the three parts of the heartbeat?

A

Diastole (rest), atrial contraction, ventricular contraction

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9
Q

Describe diastole

A

Blood flows into relaxed heart through vena cava and pulmonary vein

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10
Q

Describe atrial contraction

A

Left and right atrium contract to push blood into ventricles through AV valves. Ventricles contract when fill, blood fills AV valves and they snap shut.

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11
Q

Describe the arteries

A

Carries oxygenated blood from heart, thick layer of muscle, narrow lumen, high pressure

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12
Q

Describe the veins

A

Carried deoxygenated blood to the heart, has valves, thin layer of muscle, large lumen

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13
Q

Describe the capillaries

A

Connects arteries and veins, one cell thick walls, small and in close contact, low pressure & speed to allow blood exchange

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14
Q

What is tissue fluid?

A

A yellow fluid that surrounds the cells in blood

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15
Q

How does tissue fluid escape the capillaries?

A

It gets out through pores in capillaries to exchange waste. Pores are too small for cells to escape

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16
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

A build up of fatty material in the lining of the artery, narrowing the artery and making it less flexible, reducing the supply of glucose and oxygen, damaging heart tissue.

17
Q

What is the pain caused by coronary heart disease called?

A

Angina

18
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

19
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle

20
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

21
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gaseous exchange

22
Q

What does the pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

23
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gaseous exchange

24
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

25
Q

What does the left atria do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the left ventricle

26
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the body

27
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the body for aerobic respiration

28
Q

What do the heartstrings do?

A

Prevent valves from turning inside out

29
Q

What is partial double circulation?

A

When there are holes in/absence of a septum dividing the left and right ventricles, leading to the mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

AQA GCSE Biology (13 decks)

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