Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Name the 4 parts mechanisms involved with this system

Answer 1

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 2

What is ingestion

Answer 2

The process of taking food and water into the body

Question 3

Where does the GI tract start and end

Answer 3

Mouth all the way to the anus

Question 4

What is the pathway of food in the digestive system ?

Answer 4

mouth
oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum , jejunum , ileum (small intestine)
ascending transverse and descending colon (Lagrange intestine )
Rectum , anus

Question 5

What are the wall layers of the GI tract

Answer 5

Lumen (hole)
Mucosa layer 
Submucosa 
Muscular layer 
Serosa

Question 6

What is the role of the mucosa what tissue is it made fo ?

Answer 6

Mucus membrane

• Lined by mucus protecting underlying cells and acting as a lubrication
• simple epithelial tissue

Question 7

What is the role of the submucosa and what tissue is it made of ?

Answer 7

Composed of loose connective tissue
Contains Lots of blood vessels
Contains exocrine glands which release digestive enzymes

Question 8

What is the role of the muscular layer of the GI tract and what tissue is it made from ?

Answer 8

Two layers of smooth involuntary muscle

• contraction and relaxation
• allows food to be moved along
• helps mix food

Question 9

What is the role of the serosa and what tissue is it made of ?

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue
Secrets small volumes of serious fluid
Acts as as an external lubricant

Question 10

What is peristalsis ?

Answer 10

Waves of muscle contraction which propels material along the length of the GI tract

Question 11

What is the omentum and what does it do ?

Answer 11

Layer over the abdominal cavity

Stores fat and prevents the spread of infection

Question 12

What generates the sensation of hunger and the feel to search for food ?

Answer 12

The hypothalamus

Question 13

What are the two digestion processes?

Answer 13

Mechanical and chemical

Question 14

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 14

When food is mechanically broken down my mastication

Question 15

What is the correct word for “chewing”

Answer 15

Mastication

Question 16

What is the enzyme within the mouth and what does it do ?

Answer 16

Salivary Amylase

Break down Starch molecules

Turn polysaccharides down to disaccharides

Question 17

What is the correct name for swallowing ?

Answer 17

Deglutition

Question 18

Explain the steps of swallowing

Answer 18

1-The tongue moves the food backwards along the pallets towards the oropharynx
2-Epliglottis moves down over the trachea to avoid aspiration.
3-Muscular walls of the pharynx contract pushing food down into the oesophageal

Question 19

What is the top section of the stomach Called?

Answer 19

Fundus

Question 20

What regulates the passage of food into the stomach , and is at the end of the oesophagus?

Answer 20

Cardiac sphincter

Question 21

What is a collection of churned up from called ?

Answer 21

A bolus

Question 22

What is difficulty in swallowing called ?

Answer 22

Dysphasia

Question 23

When can people experience dysphasia ?

Answer 23

Disorders such as multiple sclerosis , muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson’s disease.

Question 24

What are the three sections of the stomach called ?

Answer 24

Fundus
Body
Pylorus

Question 25

What is the ring of muscle that allows movement into the first part of the small intestine ?

Answer 25

Pyloric sphincter

Question 26

What is the stomach lined with and what are it’s folds called that increase surface area ?

Answer 26

Gastric mucosa

Rugae - Allows stomach to expand