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Nursing > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the corticosteroids that the adrenal glands release

A
  • Aldosterone
  • Cortisol
  • Sex hormones
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2
Q

What is the function of aldosterone ?

A
  • It increases salt and water reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidneys therefore it regulates blood pressure.
  • Regulates sodium and potassium levels.
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3
Q

What is the function of Cortisol?

A
  • Helps the body deal with stress
  • Increases blood glucose by metabolising sugars that are eaten
  • Breaks down fats , proteins and carbs
  • Electrolyte regulation
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4
Q

Which other system does the endocrine system work closely with ?

A

The nervous system

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5
Q

Name the 9 organs/glands involved in the endocrine system

A 
1-Hypothalamus 
2-Pituitary glands 
3-Pineal glands 
4-Thyroid 
5-Parathyroid
6-Thymus
7-Pancreas
8-Adrenal glands 
9-Ovaries/Testes
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6
Q

Which system does the endocrine system work closely with ?

A

The nervous system

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7
Q

What happens to hormones in the body / what effect do they have ?

A

They are secreted into the blood , or extra cellular fluid by one cell , and have an effect of other cells within the body.

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8
Q

Can hormones effect all cells ?

A

No . They can only effect cells that have the receptor for that hormone , known as target cells .

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9
Q

What cells can hormones effect ?

A

Target cells

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10
Q

What are the three structures of hormones ?

A
  • steroid
  • protein / polypeptide
  • modifies amino acid ids
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11
Q

Name two lipid soluble steroids

A
  • steroid

- thyroid hormones

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12
Q

Name some water soluble hormones

A

Adrenalin
Noradrenalin
Insulin
Human growth hormone

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13
Q

What are steroid hormones formed from ?

What creates steroid hormones ?

Where are they manufactured ?

A

Cholesterol

The adrenal cortex , ovaries and testes

Liver

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14
Q

Name two polypeptide / protein hormones

A

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

LH luteinising hormone

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15
Q

Name the two types of modified amino acid hormones released from tyrosine

A

Thyroid hormones

Caltecholamines

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16
Q

Name the modified amino acid hormone made from tryptophan

A

Serotonin

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17
Q

Name the thyroid hormones.

A

T3 = triiodothyronine

T4 = Thyroxine

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18
Q

Name T4

A

Thyroxine

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19
Q

Name T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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20
Q

Where are thyroid hormones manufactured and stored ?

A

In the thyroid gland

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21
Q

Name two catecholamines

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine )

Noradrenaline ( Norepinephrine )

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22
Q

What is serotonin ?

A

A neurotransmitter which is converted to melatonin in the pineal gland

23
Q

What are the three main ways in which endocrine secretion is stimulated or inhibited ?

A

Via the hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Through influence of factors in the blood stream
By nervous stimulation

24
Q

What type of membranes can target cells have ?

A

Cell membrane receptors

Intra cellular membrane receptors

25
Q

What type of hormones can reach intercellular receptors and why

A

Steroid hormones , they are non polar

26
Q

Name 5 steroid hormones

A 
Oestrogen 
Testosterone 
Progesterone 
Aldosterone 
Cortisol
27
Q

Which type of hormones are polar ?

A

Protein and amino acid based hormones

28
Q

Which modifies amino acid is an exception and can reach intracellular membranes ?

A

Thyroxine

29
Q

What does insulin do to blood glucose levels ?

A

Lowers it

30
Q

What does glucagon do to blood glucose levels ?

A

Raise it

31
Q

Name the three parts of the pituitary gland , what regulates the sections of the pituitary gland ?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Intermediate

The hypothalamus

32
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk production from the breast ?

A

Prolactin

33
Q

Which hormone stimulates the growth of bones , muscles and cells in general ?

A

Human growth hormone

34
Q

Which hormone is known as the “bonding hormones” and helps in childbirth and breast feeding

A

Oxytocin

35
Q

Where are parathyroid glands located

A

Back of the thyroid gland

36
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there ?

A

4

37
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland need in order to stimulate T3 and T4

A

Thyroid stimulating gland TSH

38
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located ?

A

On top of the kidneys

39
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal glands called ?

A

The cortex and the medulla

40
Q

Which is the outer part of the adrenal glands called ?

A

Adrenal cortex

41
Q

Name the three parts of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa

Zona fasciculata

Zona recticularis

42
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex stimulate and what is it’s function ?

A

Secretes aldosterone

Regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure

43
Q

What does the zona fasciculata release and what is it’s effect on the body ?

A

Glucocorticoid hormones including cortisol which play an important role in the response to stress

44
Q

What are glucocorticoids?

A

They are a class of corticosteroids which are a class of steroid hormone

45
Q

What does the zona recticularis of the adrenal cortex produce ?

A

Produces androgens which are male sex hormones

46
Q

What is the inner part of the adrenal glands called ?

A

Adrenal medulla

47
Q

What does the adrenal medulla produce

A

Catecholamine hormones - adrenaline and noradrenaline.

48
Q

Within the pancreases what are the important cells which secrete insulin and glucagon ?

A

Islets of langerhans

49
Q

What is the role of Erythropoietin (EPO) and where is it released from ?

A

Stimulates the formation of red blood cells from the bone marrow when oxygen levels are too low .

Released from the kidneys

50
Q

What does increased red blood cells do to the blood ?

A

Increases viscosity (thickness )

51
Q

What should hormone should be considered if someone has renal failure ?

A

Erythropoietin , the kidneys will no longer produce sufficient amount of this hormone . This is essential for helping to prevent anemia.

52
Q

Name the exocrine glands of the endocrine system

A 
Saliva 
Pancreas 
Prostate 
Goblet cells (mucous glands ) 
Sweat glands
53
Q

Name the endocrine glands of the endocrine system

A 
Pituitary 
Thyroid 
Parathyroid 
Adrenal glands 
Pineal glands 
Thymus glands

Nursing (14 decks)

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