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Nursing > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the corticosteroids that the adrenal glands release

A
  • Aldosterone
  • Cortisol
  • Sex hormones
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2
Q

What is the function of aldosterone ?

A
  • It increases salt and water reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidneys therefore it regulates blood pressure.
  • Regulates sodium and potassium levels.
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3
Q

What is the function of Cortisol?

A
  • Helps the body deal with stress
  • Increases blood glucose by metabolising sugars that are eaten
  • Breaks down fats , proteins and carbs
  • Electrolyte regulation
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4
Q

Which other system does the endocrine system work closely with ?

A

The nervous system

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5
Q

Name the 9 organs/glands involved in the endocrine system

A 
1-Hypothalamus 
2-Pituitary glands 
3-Pineal glands 
4-Thyroid 
5-Parathyroid
6-Thymus
7-Pancreas
8-Adrenal glands 
9-Ovaries/Testes
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6
Q

Which system does the endocrine system work closely with ?

A

The nervous system

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7
Q

What happens to hormones in the body / what effect do they have ?

A

They are secreted into the blood , or extra cellular fluid by one cell , and have an effect of other cells within the body.

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8
Q

Can hormones effect all cells ?

A

No . They can only effect cells that have the receptor for that hormone , known as target cells .

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9
Q

What cells can hormones effect ?

A

Target cells

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10
Q

What are the three structures of hormones ?

A
  • steroid
  • protein / polypeptide
  • modifies amino acid ids
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11
Q

Name two lipid soluble steroids

A
  • steroid

- thyroid hormones

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12
Q

Name some water soluble hormones

A

Adrenalin
Noradrenalin
Insulin
Human growth hormone

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13
Q

What are steroid hormones formed from ?

What creates steroid hormones ?

Where are they manufactured ?

A

Cholesterol

The adrenal cortex , ovaries and testes

Liver

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14
Q

Name two polypeptide / protein hormones

A

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

LH luteinising hormone

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15
Q

Name the two types of modified amino acid hormones released from tyrosine

A

Thyroid hormones

Caltecholamines

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16
Q

Name the modified amino acid hormone made from tryptophan

A

Serotonin

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17
Q

Name the thyroid hormones.

A

T3 = triiodothyronine

T4 = Thyroxine

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18
Q

Name T4

A

Thyroxine

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19
Q

Name T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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20
Q

Where are thyroid hormones manufactured and stored ?

A

In the thyroid gland

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21
Q

Name two catecholamines

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine )

Noradrenaline ( Norepinephrine )

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22
Q

What is serotonin ?

A

A neurotransmitter which is converted to melatonin in the pineal gland

23
Q

What are the three main ways in which endocrine secretion is stimulated or inhibited ?

A

Via the hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Through influence of factors in the blood stream
By nervous stimulation

24
Q

What type of membranes can target cells have ?

A

Cell membrane receptors

Intra cellular membrane receptors

25
What type of hormones can reach intercellular receptors and why
Steroid hormones , they are non polar
26
Name 5 steroid hormones
``` Oestrogen Testosterone Progesterone Aldosterone Cortisol ```
27
Which type of hormones are polar ?
Protein and amino acid based hormones
28
Which modifies amino acid is an exception and can reach intracellular membranes ?
Thyroxine
29
What does insulin do to blood glucose levels ?
Lowers it
30
What does glucagon do to blood glucose levels ?
Raise it
31
Name the three parts of the pituitary gland , what regulates the sections of the pituitary gland ?
Anterior Posterior Intermediate The hypothalamus
32
Which hormone stimulates milk production from the breast ?
Prolactin
33
Which hormone stimulates the growth of bones , muscles and cells in general ?
Human growth hormone
34
Which hormone is known as the “bonding hormones” and helps in childbirth and breast feeding
Oxytocin
35
Where are parathyroid glands located
Back of the thyroid gland
36
How many parathyroid glands are there ?
4
37
What hormone does the thyroid gland need in order to stimulate T3 and T4
Thyroid stimulating gland TSH
38
Where are the adrenal glands located ?
On top of the kidneys
39
What are the two parts of the adrenal glands called ?
The cortex and the medulla
40
Which is the outer part of the adrenal glands called ?
Adrenal cortex
41
Name the three parts of the adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona recticularis
42
What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex stimulate and what is it’s function ?
Secretes aldosterone Regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure
43
What does the zona fasciculata release and what is it’s effect on the body ?
Glucocorticoid hormones including cortisol which play an important role in the response to stress
44
What are glucocorticoids?
They are a class of corticosteroids which are a class of steroid hormone
45
What does the zona recticularis of the adrenal cortex produce ?
Produces androgens which are male sex hormones
46
What is the inner part of the adrenal glands called ?
Adrenal medulla
47
What does the adrenal medulla produce
Catecholamine hormones - adrenaline and noradrenaline.
48
Within the pancreases what are the important cells which secrete insulin and glucagon ?
Islets of langerhans
49
What is the role of Erythropoietin (EPO) and where is it released from ?
Stimulates the formation of red blood cells from the bone marrow when oxygen levels are too low . Released from the kidneys
50
What does increased red blood cells do to the blood ?
Increases viscosity (thickness )
51
What should hormone should be considered if someone has renal failure ?
Erythropoietin , the kidneys will no longer produce sufficient amount of this hormone . This is essential for helping to prevent anemia.
52
Name the exocrine glands of the endocrine system
``` Saliva Pancreas Prostate Goblet cells (mucous glands ) Sweat glands ```
53
Name the endocrine glands of the endocrine system
``` Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal glands Pineal glands Thymus glands ```

Nursing (14 decks)

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