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Nursing > Diabtetes > Flashcards

Diabtetes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of diabetes ?

A

Insipidus and mellitus

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2
Q

What are signs sod diabetes insipidus?

A

The urine is watery

Have polydipsia

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3
Q

What is poly dipsia

A

Excess thirst

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4
Q

What type of diabetes does type 1 and type 2 fall under ?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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5
Q

What are some signs of diabetes mellitus ?

A

Sweet urine

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6
Q

What are people who have type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus IDDM

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7
Q

What does IDDM stand for ?

A

Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus

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8
Q

What does NIDDM stand for

A

Non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus

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9
Q

What is high blood sugar called ?

A

Hyperglycaemia

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10
Q

What is low blood sugar called ?

A

Hypoglycaemia

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11
Q

What is an exocrine gland ?

A

A gland that has ducts

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12
Q

What is an endocrine gland ?

A

Secrets products directly into the blood stream

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13
Q

What is the exocrine cells of the pancreas called ?

A

Acinus cells

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14
Q

Why are acinus cells exocrine ?

A

The enzymes they produce go to ducts , to the duodenum and small intestine.

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15
Q

What do acinus cells produce ?

A

Digestive enzymes

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16
Q

What are the pancreases endocrine cells called ?

A

Pancreatic islets or

Islets of langerhans

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17
Q

What do pancreatic islet do ?

A

Produce hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

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18
Q

Pancreatic islets have two types of cells within them what are they ?

A

Alpha cells

Beta cells

19
Q

Which cell is on the outer side of the pancreatic islets ?

A

Alpha cells

20
Q

Which cells detect an increase in blood sugar ?

A

Beta cells

21
Q

What hormone do beta cells produce ?

A

Insulin

22
Q

Which cell recognises a drop in blood sugar levels ?

A

Alpha cells

23
Q

Which hormone does alpha cells produce ?

A

Glucagon

24
Q

What does insulin do to glucose ?

A

Acts as enzyme catalysing individual glucose molecules together to form glycogen which will be stored in the muscles.

25
Q

What EFFECT does insulin have on the body

A

Hypoglycaemic effect

26
Q

What is normal blood glucose levels ?

A

Between 4-7 mmol/l

27
Q

Name the two tests used when blood glucose levels raise beyond the normal range .

A
  • impaired glucose tolerance test

- impaired fasting glycaemia

28
Q

Explain the importance of an impaired glucose tolerance test .

A

Between 25% and 75 % of people with IGT will develop diabetes within 10 years.

29
Q

Explain the importance of an impaired fasting glycaemia test

A

Impaired fasting glycaemia can progress into type 2 diabetes if lifestyle changes are not made .

30
Q

Name the 3 types of blood tests used to diagnose diabetes

A

Fasting blood test (FBG)

Hemoglobin A1c

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

31
Q

What does OGTT stand for ?

A

Oral glucose tolerance test

32
Q

What does FBG stand for ?

A

Fasting blood glucose

33
Q

Explain a FBG test

What is classes as diabetes with this test ?

A

Measures the blood of someone who hasn’t eaten for 8-12 hours

126mg/dl (7mmol/l) or higher on two tests

34
Q

What does HbA1c stand for ?

A

Haemoglobin A1c test

35
Q

Explain the HbA1c test

What is classed as diabetes with this test ?

A

Measures average blood sugar level over the last 3 months

6.5% or higher on two separate occasions

36
Q

Explain the OGTT

What is classed as diabetes ?

A

Measures blood glucose levels 2 hours after drinking a glucose liquid

200mg/L or higher

37
Q

What can diabetes do to the body if blood glucose is not kept within the normal ranges ?

A
  • Damage to blood vessels

- Damage the eyes

38
Q

What can hyperglycaemia do to the eyes?

A

Can cause diabetic retinopathy

39
Q

Explain glycolysis

A

A process that breaks down glucose for cellular energy

40
Q

Explain glycogenesis

A

A process that converts glucose into glycogen for storage

41
Q

Explain lipolysis

A

A process that breaks down lipids to release energy

42
Q

Explain the role of glucagon

A

Converts stored glycogen into glucose

43
Q

Explain gluconeogenesis

A

The manufacture of new glucose from lactic acidosis and other metabolites

44
Q

Name two reasons for high blood glucose levels in the blood

A

The body is unable to process glucose properly

The pancreases does not produce enough insulin to help glucose enter the muscle cells .

Nursing (14 decks)

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