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Nursing > Diabtetes > Flashcards

Diabtetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of diabetes ?

A

Insipidus and mellitus

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2
Q

What are signs sod diabetes insipidus?

A

The urine is watery

Have polydipsia

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3
Q

What is poly dipsia

A

Excess thirst

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4
Q

What type of diabetes does type 1 and type 2 fall under ?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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5
Q

What are some signs of diabetes mellitus ?

A

Sweet urine

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6
Q

What are people who have type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus IDDM

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7
Q

What does IDDM stand for ?

A

Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus

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8
Q

What does NIDDM stand for

A

Non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus

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9
Q

What is high blood sugar called ?

A

Hyperglycaemia

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10
Q

What is low blood sugar called ?

A

Hypoglycaemia

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11
Q

What is an exocrine gland ?

A

A gland that has ducts

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12
Q

What is an endocrine gland ?

A

Secrets products directly into the blood stream

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13
Q

What is the exocrine cells of the pancreas called ?

A

Acinus cells

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14
Q

Why are acinus cells exocrine ?

A

The enzymes they produce go to ducts , to the duodenum and small intestine.

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15
Q

What do acinus cells produce ?

A

Digestive enzymes

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16
Q

What are the pancreases endocrine cells called ?

A

Pancreatic islets or

Islets of langerhans

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17
Q

What do pancreatic islet do ?

A

Produce hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

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18
Q

Pancreatic islets have two types of cells within them what are they ?

A

Alpha cells

Beta cells

19
Q

Which cell is on the outer side of the pancreatic islets ?

A

Alpha cells

20
Q

Which cells detect an increase in blood sugar ?

A

Beta cells

21
Q

What hormone do beta cells produce ?

22
Q

Which cell recognises a drop in blood sugar levels ?

A

Alpha cells

23
Q

Which hormone does alpha cells produce ?

24
Q

What does insulin do to glucose ?

A

Acts as enzyme catalysing individual glucose molecules together to form glycogen which will be stored in the muscles.

25
What EFFECT does insulin have on the body
Hypoglycaemic effect
26
What is normal blood glucose levels ?
Between 4-7 mmol/l
27
Name the two tests used when blood glucose levels raise beyond the normal range .
- impaired glucose tolerance test | - impaired fasting glycaemia
28
Explain the importance of an impaired glucose tolerance test .
Between 25% and 75 % of people with IGT will develop diabetes within 10 years.
29
Explain the importance of an impaired fasting glycaemia test
Impaired fasting glycaemia can progress into type 2 diabetes if lifestyle changes are not made .
30
Name the 3 types of blood tests used to diagnose diabetes
Fasting blood test (FBG) Hemoglobin A1c Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
31
What does OGTT stand for ?
Oral glucose tolerance test
32
What does FBG stand for ?
Fasting blood glucose
33
Explain a FBG test What is classes as diabetes with this test ?
Measures the blood of someone who hasn’t eaten for 8-12 hours 126mg/dl (7mmol/l) or higher on two tests
34
What does HbA1c stand for ?
Haemoglobin A1c test
35
Explain the HbA1c test What is classed as diabetes with this test ?
Measures average blood sugar level over the last 3 months 6.5% or higher on two separate occasions
36
Explain the OGTT What is classed as diabetes ?
Measures blood glucose levels 2 hours after drinking a glucose liquid 200mg/L or higher
37
What can diabetes do to the body if blood glucose is not kept within the normal ranges ?
- Damage to blood vessels | - Damage the eyes
38
What can hyperglycaemia do to the eyes?
Can cause diabetic retinopathy
39
Explain glycolysis
A process that breaks down glucose for cellular energy
40
Explain glycogenesis
A process that converts glucose into glycogen for storage
41
Explain lipolysis
A process that breaks down lipids to release energy
42
Explain the role of glucagon
Converts stored glycogen into glucose
43
Explain gluconeogenesis
The manufacture of new glucose from lactic acidosis and other metabolites
44
Name two reasons for high blood glucose levels in the blood
The body is unable to process glucose properly The pancreases does not produce enough insulin to help glucose enter the muscle cells .

Nursing (14 decks)

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