Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
what are the types of digestion
mechanical and chemical
what are the stages of nutrient intake
digestion (mechanical and chemical), absorption
what are two factors that can help with digestion and absorption
motility and secretion
label the organs of the GI system
main points: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus
label the accessory glands of the GI system
main points: liver, salivary glands, gallbladder, pancreas
what are the main layers of the GI tract wall
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
draw a diagram of the GI tract wall with the main parts
….
what are the functions of the mouth
- chewing
- lubrication and breakdown of food with saliva
- (tongue) manipulation of food
describe the stomach and its function
- swelling of esophagus
- has gastric pits with secretory cells
- acidic
- chemical and mechanical digestion (chyme)
what are the secretory cells of stomach gastric pits
neck, chief, parietal, G-cells
what is the stomach lining protected by
gastric mucosal barrier
draw a diagram showing the anatomy of the stomach
….
what are neck cells responsible for
secretion of mucus
what are chief cells responsible for
secretion of pepsinogen
what are parietal cells responsible for
secretion of acid
what are the divisions of the small intestine (start to end)
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what is the purpose of the ascending, descending, transverse colon
absorption of water and ions from chyme
what is the purpose of the sigmoid colon
storage
what are the divisions of the colon
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
antibiotics are a type of medicine that can kill harmful bacteria from infections; however, it can also kill good bacteria that is present in the body. how will this affect the body and how can this bacteria be re-accounted for?
- microbiome important for digesting fibre, and producing vitamin K (blood clotting; form and maintain bone structure) and B7 (body system support –> hair, skin, eyes, liver, nervous system)
- taking probiotics (yogurt, kombucha, kefir)
describe carbohydrate digestion
- salivary and pancreatic amylase limitedly break down polysaccharides
- resulting products are digested by brush border enzymes in small intestine
- only monosaccharides are absorbed by body
why are amylases limited in their ability to digest polysaccharides
amylases can’t break polysaccharide bonds at branch points (limit dextrins) or between glucose monomers at the very end of the chain (disaccharides)