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Medical Physiology > Gastrointestinal Physiology- 2 > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Physiology- 2 Flashcards

Small Intestine I Small Intestine II Colonic Phase

1
Q

secrete histamine that regulates HCL secretion

A

enterochromaffic- like cells (Oxynic)

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2
Q

For the GI t. content to move through the sphincter, it must

A

relax

lower the pressure

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3
Q

causes relaxation of smooth muscles in wall and contraction of sphincters
as well as inc. salivary secretion

A

NE

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4
Q

CCK- Cholecystokinin- site of secretion

A

I cells of duodenum and jejunum

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5
Q

preganglionic and post ganglionic fibers of parasympathetic that regulates the GI tracts

A

preganglionic- long and synapses on post ganglionic soma on or near the target.

The ganglia of the postganglionic fiber is located in the walls of GI within myenteric and submucosal plexus.

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6
Q

From gastric parietal cells
bicarbonate is secreted into ——- in exchange with —–.
While H+ is secreted into the ———- by means of ———.

A

HCO3- into interstitial space, exchanged for CL-

H+ into the lumen by means of K+/H+ pump

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7
Q

satiety center

A

inhibits appetite

Ventral Posterior Nucleus (VPN) of hypothalamus

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8
Q

NE from adrenergic neurons

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle in wall

contraction of sphincters and inc. salivary secretion

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9
Q

two hormones that decrease the gastric H+ secretion

A

GIP and Secretin

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10
Q

vagovagal reflexes

A

Parasymp- CN X (Vagus n.)
afferent limb: sensory info. f. chemo/mechano receptors to CNS

Afferent triggers a reflex

Efferent limb: motor info. is also contained w/in vagus nerve

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11
Q

The action of NO from neurons of enteric nervous system

A

relaxation of smooth muscles

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12
Q

CCK action

A

inc. pancreatic enzyme secretion
inc. pancreatic HCO3- secretion
Stimulates gallbladder contraction
Stimulates the relaxation of the sphincter of oddi
inhibits gastric emptying

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13
Q

name 4 gastrointestinal hormones and name the specialized hormone-secreting cells of the GI t.

A

Gastrin, CCK, Secretin and GIP (All induce contraction of pylorus).
enteroendocrine cells

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14
Q

necessary step for activation of gastric protease pepsin

A

luminal acidification

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15
Q

NTs of parasympathetic postgang. cells

A

VIP and ACh

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16
Q

Lower GI tract innervated by the pelvic n.

A

part of the wall of transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon

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17
Q

anterograde and retrograde flow in sphincters at rest

A

at rest- positive pressure

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18
Q

upper GI tract innervated by the Vagus n.

A

upper 1/3 of esophagous (striated muscles)
wall of the stomach and small intestine
wall of the ascending colon and part of the transverse n.

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19
Q

secreted by intestinal L cells following a meal. It acts to decrease appetite

A

PYY

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20
Q

secretin action

A

inc. pancreatic HCO3- secretion
inc. biliary HCO3- secretion
dec. Gastric H+ secretion
inhibits tropic effects of gastrin on gastric mucosa

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21
Q

secreted by gastric cells just before ingestion of a meal

A

Cherlin

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22
Q

stimuli for secretion of CCK

A

small peptides and amino acids

fatty acids

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23
Q

Leptin

Hint: secretion is proportional to the amount of fat stored

A

secreted from fat cells and decreasing appetite and increasing the energy expenditure.

24
Q

GIP action

A

inc. insulin secretion from pancreatic B cells

Dec. gastric H+ secretion

25
Two types of gastric glands (secretory cells of stomach lining) and their location
Oxynic gland- orad | pyloric gland- caudad
26
feeding center
Lateral Hypothalmic Area (LHA)
27
GIP site of secretion
Duodenum and jejunum
28
Sympathetic excitation --> NE release ---> A ----> B production ----> Inc Ca2+ ----> Pylorus contraction.
A- a-1 receptor activation by NE | B- IP3 production --> intracellular Ca2+
29
Types of parasym. postgang. fibers and the corresponding NTs:
cholinergic- ACh | Peptinergic- Y or VIP
30
Gastrin site of secretion
G cells of stomach
31
secretion of D cells and its function
(opxynic and pyloric gland) D cells secrete somatostatin that regulates HCL secretion
32
Striated muscles (contractile tissues) of GI t.
pharynx upper 1/3 of esophagus external anal sphincter
33
Causes contraction of smooth muscle in wall of GI tract and relaxation of sphincters
ACh from cholinergic neurons
34
The three neuromodulators that are secreted from the neurons of enteric nervous system and cause relaxation of smooth muscle
neuropeptide Y, NO and VIP
35
parasympathetic nn. of GI tract and the sites of innervations:
CN X- Vagus nerve: Upper GI tract | Pelvic n. : Lower GI tract
36
power for acid secretion | and the flow of ions and water
K+/H+ powers acid secretion Cl- follows H+ due to emf. water follows due to osmotic pressure
37
Two hormones that increase the pancreatic HCO3- secretion
secretin and CCK
38
Secretin site of secretion
S cells of duodenum
39
stimuli for secretion of Gastrin
Small peptides and amino acids vagal stimulation (GRP) distension of the stomach
40
action of gastric lipase
fat digestion (from chief cells)
41
gip
glucose- dependent insulinotropic peptide
42
Parietal cells (oxynic gland) secretions and their function
HCL And intrinsic factor HCL--> activation of pepsin, protein denaturation and bactericide IF is required for B12 absoption
43
contraction found in the orad region of the stomach
tonic | constant tone w/o relaxation
44
Action of ACh from cholinergic neurons
``` Contraction of smooth muscles in wall relaxation of sphincters inc salivary secretion inc gastric secretion inc pancreatic secretion ```
45
mixed fibers of CNX
75% sensory- afferent | 25% motor- efferent
46
mode of contraction of the lower esophageal, iliocecal and internal anal sphincters
tonic contraction
47
results in changes in sphincter pressure
coordinated with smooth muscle contraction of adjacent organs via reflexes.
48
The neuromodulators that are secreted from the neurons of enteric nervous system and cause contraction of smooth muscle
Enkephalines (opiates) and substance P
49
Substance P
cosecreted with ACh by neurons of enteric nervous system and causes: contraction of smooth muscles and inc. salivary secretion
50
gastrin action
Inc. gastric H+ secretion | stimulates the growth of gastric mucosa
51
stimuli for secretion secretin
H+ in the duodenum (from S cells) and | fatty acids in duodenum
52
Orexigenic neurons (from arcuate nucleus) secrete neuropeptide Y and ----
increases appetite
53
Synthesized and secreted by intestinal L cells. Among its actions, like leptin and insulin, it decreases appetite
GLP-1 decreases appetite
54
VIP-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide action (from neurons of enteric nervous system)
relaxation of smooth muscle inc. intestinal secretion inc. pancreatic secretion
55
Chief cells (Oxynic) secret
pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Medical Physiology (21 decks)

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