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Medical Physiology > Endocrine- HPA, Thyroid, Pancreas > Flashcards

Endocrine- HPA, Thyroid, Pancreas Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

amine hormones are

A

dopamine, serotonin, NE, epi

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2
Q

The enzyme that converts T4 to T3 in tissues

A

deiodinase 1

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3
Q

TSH inc

A

NIS, TG, TPO expression

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4
Q

factors inhibiting GH secretion

A

hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acid concentration, obesity

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5
Q

TTR

A

carrier for T4 transportation into CNS

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6
Q

intracellular signaling upon binding GH to its GCPR and JAK-STAT ACTIVATION

A

1- STAT dimerization –> transcription
2- SHC-P —> MAPK

3- IRS-P —> PI3’K —> Glucose receptor

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7
Q

an example of hormone with limited range of target

A

thymosin (regulates lymph development)

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8
Q

The colloid that enters the follicular cell

A

TG-MIT-DIT-T4-T3

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9
Q

The effect of GHBH on GH half- life

A

increases to 20 min

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10
Q

steroidogenic cell obtains cholesterol from —– and converts it to one variety in the —–.

A

LDL, SER

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11
Q

The component of GH signaling pathway that regulates insulin receptor

A

PI3’K via IRS pathway

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12
Q

oxidation of I - to I2,
organofication of I2 into MIT an DIT
and
Coupling of TG-MIT-DIT with T3 and T4 are facilitated by

A

peroxidase

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13
Q

hypothyroidism

A

myxedema

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14
Q

mechanism of GH action in Adipose

A

GH-R–> JAK-Stat –> inc. li[polysis and decreased glucose uptake

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15
Q

Autocrine messenger w/example

A

secreted by cell into interstitial space then act on the same cell
NE acting via a-adrenergic R

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16
Q

DA-2

A

receptor- inhibitory - inhibits AC

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17
Q

GH-R mechanism in muscles

A

JAK-Stat–> increase protein synthesis and decreased glucose uptake

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18
Q

IRS

A

insulin receptor substrate

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19
Q

TGB

A

thyroid binding globulin

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20
Q

peroxidase reaction requires

A

glucose oxidation

21
Q

goiter

A

prolonged TSH elevation- diffuse enlargement

22
Q

developmental origin of glands

A

epithelial—> if lumen formed, duct then exocrine

if destined for endocrine, lumen doesn’t form

23
Q

** TSH secretion is decreased by

A

excess TH (- feedback)
cortisol
GH
Somatostatin

24
Q

IGF as a paracrine and autocrine signal

A

bone

25
Q

T3 receptors are

A

cytosolic and nuclear

26
Q

paracrine messengers w/ example

A

secreted into interstitial space

platelet-drive GF

27
Q

P13K

A

lipid kinase

28
Q

Classical hormones

A

ant. pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes and ovaries

29
Q

phosphorylated IRS (Upon insulin binding) recruits

A

P13K and Grb2-SOS

30
Q

stablishing a standard curve

A

saturation plot and displacement curve

31
Q

in response to GH production liver also produces IGF-I which is

A

a potent inhibitor of somatostatin (SS neurons)

32
Q

Thyroid releases —–, which converts to —— predominately in ——-.

A

T4

Liver converts T4 to T3

33
Q

IGF blood transport

A

free- peptide (Hydrophilic)

34
Q

TSH induces

A

Thyroid hypertrophy
thyroid hyperplasia
capillary bed inc
blood flow inc

35
Q

The only hormone derived from tryptophan

A

melatonin released from pineal

36
Q

posttranslational processing
Prohormone—> active hormone and other peptide fragments
example

A

ACTH+ Gamma-lipotropin + B-endorphin

Or: Insuling + peptide C

37
Q

a2-NE

A

inhibitory effect –> AC inhibition

38
Q

DA

A

Dopamine

39
Q

neurohormones

A

neuronal source of hormone

hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

40
Q

DA-1

A

Receptor- stimulatory

41
Q

steroid hormone storage

A

Stereoidogenic can not store steroid hormones

only cholesterol is stored in lipid droplets

42
Q

conversion of cholesterol to precursor

A

adrenal cortex and gonads

43
Q

measuring hormones

A

radioimmunoassay by establishing a standard curve

44
Q

GHRH-R binding GHRH

A

GCPR—-> + PKA —-> Ca channel open —-> inc. GH synth

45
Q

amino acid derivative hormones

A

thyroxine, epinephrine and melatonin

46
Q

IGF-1 is produced as a result of this hormone along with its binding proteins in hepatocyt

A

GH

IGF-BP3 and ALS

47
Q

Zinc finger motif

A

DNA binding- SR (steroid receptor)

48
Q

IGF receptor

A

similar to insulin receptor –> RTK

49
Q

Factors stimulating GH secretion

A

hypoglycemia, arginine, thyroid hormone, stress

Medical Physiology (21 decks)

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