Endocrine- HPA, Thyroid, Pancreas

Question 1

amine hormones are

Answer 1

dopamine, serotonin, NE, epi

Question 2

The enzyme that converts T4 to T3 in tissues

Answer 2

deiodinase 1

Question 3

TSH inc

Answer 3

NIS, TG, TPO expression

Question 4

factors inhibiting GH secretion

Answer 4

hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acid concentration, obesity

Question 5

TTR

Answer 5

carrier for T4 transportation into CNS

Question 6

intracellular signaling upon binding GH to its GCPR and JAK-STAT ACTIVATION

Answer 6

1- STAT dimerization –> transcription
2- SHC-P —> MAPK

3- IRS-P —> PI3’K —> Glucose receptor

Question 7

an example of hormone with limited range of target

Answer 7

thymosin (regulates lymph development)

Question 8

The colloid that enters the follicular cell

Answer 8

TG-MIT-DIT-T4-T3

Question 9

The effect of GHBH on GH half- life

Answer 9

increases to 20 min

Question 10

steroidogenic cell obtains cholesterol from —– and converts it to one variety in the —–.

Answer 10

LDL, SER

Question 11

The component of GH signaling pathway that regulates insulin receptor

Answer 11

PI3’K via IRS pathway

Question 12

oxidation of I - to I2,
organofication of I2 into MIT an DIT
and
Coupling of TG-MIT-DIT with T3 and T4 are facilitated by

Answer 12

peroxidase

Question 13

hypothyroidism

Answer 13

myxedema

Question 14

mechanism of GH action in Adipose

Answer 14

GH-R–> JAK-Stat –> inc. li[polysis and decreased glucose uptake

Question 15

Autocrine messenger w/example

Answer 15

secreted by cell into interstitial space then act on the same cell
NE acting via a-adrenergic R

Question 16

DA-2

Answer 16

receptor- inhibitory - inhibits AC

Question 17

GH-R mechanism in muscles

Answer 17

JAK-Stat–> increase protein synthesis and decreased glucose uptake

Question 18

IRS

Answer 18

insulin receptor substrate

Question 19

TGB

Answer 19

thyroid binding globulin

Question 20

peroxidase reaction requires

Answer 20

glucose oxidation

Question 21

goiter

Answer 21

prolonged TSH elevation- diffuse enlargement

Question 22

developmental origin of glands

Answer 22

epithelial—> if lumen formed, duct then exocrine

if destined for endocrine, lumen doesn’t form

Question 23

** TSH secretion is decreased by

Answer 23

excess TH (- feedback)
cortisol
GH
Somatostatin

Question 24

IGF as a paracrine and autocrine signal

Answer 24

bone

Question 25

T3 receptors are

Answer 25

cytosolic and nuclear

Question 26

paracrine messengers w/ example

Answer 26

secreted into interstitial space | platelet-drive GF

Question 27

P13K

Answer 27

lipid kinase

Question 28

Classical hormones

Answer 28

ant. pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes and ovaries

Question 29

phosphorylated IRS (Upon insulin binding) recruits

Answer 29

P13K and Grb2-SOS

Question 30

stablishing a standard curve

Answer 30

saturation plot and displacement curve

Question 31

in response to GH production liver also produces IGF-I which is

Answer 31

a potent inhibitor of somatostatin (SS neurons)

Question 32

Thyroid releases -----, which converts to ------ predominately in -------.

Answer 32

T4 | Liver converts T4 to T3

Question 33

IGF blood transport

Answer 33

free- peptide (Hydrophilic)

Question 34

TSH induces

Answer 34

Thyroid hypertrophy thyroid hyperplasia capillary bed inc blood flow inc

Question 35

The only hormone derived from tryptophan

Answer 35

melatonin released from pineal

Question 36

posttranslational processing Prohormone---> active hormone and other peptide fragments example

Answer 36

ACTH+ Gamma-lipotropin + B-endorphin Or: Insuling + peptide C

Question 37

a2-NE

Answer 37

inhibitory effect --> AC inhibition

Question 38

DA

Answer 38

Dopamine

Question 39

neurohormones

Answer 39

neuronal source of hormone | hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

Question 40

DA-1

Answer 40

Receptor- stimulatory

Question 41

steroid hormone storage

Answer 41

Stereoidogenic can not store steroid hormones | only cholesterol is stored in lipid droplets

Question 42

conversion of cholesterol to precursor

Answer 42

adrenal cortex and gonads

Question 43

measuring hormones

Answer 43

radioimmunoassay by establishing a standard curve

Question 44

GHRH-R binding GHRH

Answer 44

GCPR----> + PKA ----> Ca channel open ----> inc. GH synth

Question 45

amino acid derivative hormones

Answer 45

thyroxine, epinephrine and melatonin

Question 46

IGF-1 is produced as a result of this hormone along with its binding proteins in hepatocyt

Answer 46

GH IGF-BP3 and ALS

Question 47

Zinc finger motif

Answer 47

DNA binding- SR (steroid receptor)

Question 48

IGF receptor

Answer 48

similar to insulin receptor --> RTK

Question 49

Factors stimulating GH secretion

Answer 49

hypoglycemia, arginine, thyroid hormone, stress