Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Physiology > Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A

synthesis and releases aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why cortisole converts to cortisone

A

to prevent inappropriate mineral corticoid activity, since cortisol and aldosterone have the same R.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cortisol transport

A

bound to corticosteroid binding globulin- Transcortin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DHEAS

A

dehydropinandrosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACTH ST effect on zona fasiculata

A

induced cortisol production: enhanced cholesterol translocation into mt

activating the StAR transporter and demolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

responsible for auxilary hair and libido in women. and in prepubescent boys induces pubic hair growth

A

androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glucocorticoids synthesized in

A

adrenal cortex> Zona fasciculate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most of the cholesterol utilized is imported from

A

blood- Cholesterol is part of LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone takes place in —– and is catalyzed by ——–

A

Mitochondria, Desmolase (CYP11A1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Impact of cortisol on CT and Blood

A

Connective tissue: inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis by fibroblasts.

Blood: stimulates erythropoietin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increases the activity of CEH

A

PKA phosphorylated CEH and inc. its activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Zona reticularis secrets these:

4- items

A

DHEA
DHEAS
Testosterone
androstenedione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CEH

A

Cholesteryl ester hydrolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The two compartments of adrenal cortex 3 zones in which synthesis takes place

A

Mitochondria and SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metabolism effects of cortisol on lipogenesis and plasma glucose level

A

decrease lipogenesis and increase plasma glucose level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ACTH intermediate effect on zona fasiculata

A

gene up-regulation, additional cortisol production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sex hormones are senthesized and released by

A

Adrenal cortex> Zona Reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The major regulator of Na+, K+ and plasma volume

A

Aldosterone

Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ATP—>cAMP catalyzed by

A

AC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Corticosterone is synthesized and secreted in

A

cortisol secreting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The rate determining step of adrenal hormone synthesis in all three layers:

A

Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by desmolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aldosterone is synthesized in

A

Adrenal cortex > Zona Glomerulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hypothalamus pituitart Adrenal Gland Axix

1- ACTH:R —> AC (activation via Gs)
2- ATP —> cAMP
3- cAMP activates protein kinase A and the kinase phosphorylates
4-

A

Cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH)

and increases its activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CONNS disease is an example of

A

Hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Zona Reticularis
synthesizes and release sex hormones
26
addisons disease is an example of
HYPOaldosteronism
27
All adrenal steroid hormones are derived from
Cholesterol
28
First step of adrenal hormone synthesis in all 3 cortical layers
3 pathways- | 1st step- Cholesterol translocation into mitochondria and conversion into pregnenolone
29
Deficiency of mineralocorticoids
``` HYPOaldosteronism Adrenal destruction ADDISON’s DISEASE Clinically: Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Mild Acidemia Hypotension ↓ECF Volume : SHOCK DEATH (Days-Weeks) Treatment: Mineralocorticoids NaCl ```
30
impact of cortisol on bone
Bone: Increases bone resorption. Decreases plasma calcium level: Decrease intestinal calcium absorption, decrease renal calcium reabsorption.
31
Metabolism effects of cortisol on appetite and lipolysis
increase appetite and lipolysis
32
Upon binding of ACTH to its Receptor (R) ------- is activated via Gs.
AC- Adenyl Cyclase
33
ACTH, cortisol, androgens and aldosterone all follow this pattern to some degree
Diurnal regulation | Pulsatile and diurnal patterns
34
Normal response to stress (in contrast to Cushing's syndrome)
inc. cortisol dec. insulin/ glucagon ratio inc. epi/norepi from sympathoadrenal output
35
Hypoaldosteronism
deficiency of mineralocorticoid due to adrenal destruction
36
HYPERaldosteronism
excessive mineralocorticoids, | Adenoma (glomerulosa)
37
Formation of testosterone and dihydrotestostrone in the priphery
DHEAS can be converted to DHEA and it and androstenedione are converted to the active androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the periphery (adipose tissue, liver, skin, urogenital system).
38
In short term StAR transporter and demolase are activated via
ACTH
39
ACTH LT effect on Zona Fasiculata
induced hyperplasia and organelle elaboration- mt
40
Cortisol inactivation
Cortisol cross reacts with aldosterone receptor, to prevent inappropriate mineral corticoid activity, aldosterone target cells reversibly inactivate it by converting it to cortisone.
41
Zona Fasciculata
synthesizes and releases glucocorticoid
42
Excess mineralocorticoids
``` HYPERaldosteronism Adenoma (Glomerulosa) CONN’s DISEASE Clinically: Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Mild Alkalosis Hypertension ↑ECF Volume LOW RENIN Treatment: Adenoma removal Adrenalectomy ```
43
cortisol becomes more soluble in liver and is secreted by the
kidneys
44
Aldosterone Regulation
Secretion is stimulated by the renin-angiotensin system: Angiotensin II (direct effect) High plasma [K+] (direct effect) ACTH (direct effect) Hypotension (indirect effect via renin-angiotensin system)
45
desmolase
Cholesterol---> Pregnenolone | Catalyzes the reaction
46
Binding of cortisol to ------- in liver renders it more soluble
cortisol binding to hydrophilic moiety.
47
Metabolism effects of cortisol on proteolysis, liver glycogenesis and glucagon function
increase proteolysis- block aa uptake by muscles. increase glycogenesis in liver enhances glucagon function
48
Impact of cortisol on cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system: increases blood pressure and cardiac output. Permissive on the actions of catecholamines – increases beta receptors
49
Three major effects of cortisol
energy metabolism anti-inflammation anti-stress
50
during normal stress and in combination with inc. cortisol, there is an inc. in epi/norepi secretion from ......
sympathoadrenal output
51
largely secrets DHEAS and to lesser extend DHEA
Zona Reticularis
52
secrets androstenedione
Zona reticularis
53
Secondary effect of aldosterone
It increases blood pressure by increased water retention and thus increasing plasma volume. This effect is secondary to Na+ retention and expansion of the extracellular fluid volume
54
Cushing syndrome causes
1- adenoma of ant. pituitary- Large ACTH (cushing's disease) 2- H. CRH- Abnormal hypothalamus 3- adenoma of adrenal cortex (cushing's syndrome) 4- latrogenic- side effects of steroid therapy (cushing's syndrome)
55
Anti-inflammatory actions of cortisol | 5 items
stabilizes lysosomes dec. protease and histamine (red. pain) dec. cap. permeability dec. blood flow dec. immune response
56
Transcortin
corticosteroid binding globulin that binds to cortisol
57
AC
Adenyl Cyclase
58
3 cortical layers
1- Zona Glomerulosa 2- Zona Fasciculata 3- Zona reticularis
59
Primary effect of aldosterone
It increases Na+ reabsorption (in) and increases K+ excretion (out) by: increasing expression and activity of the Na,K- ATPase in the renal tubule cells increasing activity and expression of epithelial Na+ channels It increases H+ excretion (out) by the kidney
60
----- effects the cells of the zona fasiculata in short to long term. Hint: regulation
ACTH
61
CYP11A1
Desmolase

Medical Physiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions