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PTCB Drugs > Gastrointestinal agents > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal agents Flashcards

1
Q

Types of gastrointestinal agents

A 
Gas
Anti-diarrheals
Laxatives
Antiemetic agents
Anti-ulcer agents (Antacids, Histamine-2 blockers, Proton pump inhibitors, Antibiotics, Miscellaneous)
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2
Q

Generic name: simethicone

A

Brand name: Mylicon drops (Over the counter)
Brand name: Gas X, Phazyme (Over the counter)
-treats flatulence by collapsing gas bubbles in the GI tract

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3
Q

Anti-diarrheals

A 
bismuth subgallate
loperamide
kaolin/attapulgite
opium tincture
diphenoxylate
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4
Q

Generic name: bismuth subgallate

A

Brand name: Pepto-Bismol (OTC)

Anti-diarrheal

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5
Q

Generic name: loperamide

A

Brand name: Imodium (OTC)

Anti-diarrheal

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6
Q

Generic name: kaolin/attapulgite

A

Brand name: Kaopectate (OTC)

Anti-diarrheal

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7
Q

Generic name: opium tincture

A

Brand name: Paregoric (Rx Class III)

Anti-diarrheal

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8
Q

Generic name: diphenoxylate

A

Brand name: Lomotil (Rx Class V)

Anti-diarrheal

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9
Q

Types of laxatives

A

Stool softeners/Lubricants/Saline
Stimulants
Bulk-forming
Bowel evacuants

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10
Q

Generic name: docusate sodium

A

Brand name: Colace (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

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11
Q

Generic name: lactulose

A

Brand name: Enulose, Cephulac, Generlac (Rx)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

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12
Q

Generic name: mineral oil

A

Brand name: Kondremul (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

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13
Q

Generic name: magnesium hydroxide

A

Brand name: Milk of Magnesia (MOM) - OTC
Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline
Antacid

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14
Q

Generic name: sodium phosphate

A

Brand name: Phospho-soda (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

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15
Q

Generic name: glycerin suppositories

A

Brand name: Fleet suppositories (OTC)

Stool softner/Lubricant/Saline

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16
Q

Generic name: bisacodyl

A

Brand name: Dulcolax (OTC)

Stimulant

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17
Q

Generic name: castor oil

A

Brand name: castor oil (OTC)

Stimulant

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18
Q

Generic name: senna

A

Brand name: Senokot (OTC)

Stimulant

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19
Q

Generic name: casanthrol/docusate

A

Brand name: Peri-Colace (OTC)

Stimulant

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20
Q

Generic name: polycarbophil

A

Brand name: FiberCon (OTC)

Bulk-forming

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21
Q

Generic name: methylcellulose

A

Brand name: Citrucel (OTC)

Bulk-forming

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22
Q

Generic name: psyllium

A

Brand name: Metamucil (OTC)

Bulk-forming

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23
Q

Generic name: polyethylene-glycol (PEG)

A

Brand name: GoLYTEly, NuLytely, TriLyte, HalfLytely (Rx)

Bowel evacuant

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24
Q

Generic name: chlorpromazine

A

Brand name: Thorazine (Rx)

Antiemetic agent

25
Q

Generic name: dimenhydrinate

A

Brand name: Dramamine (OTC)

Antiemetic agent

26
Q

Generic name: granisetron

A

Brand name: Kytril (Rx)

Antiemetic agent

27
Q

Generic name: hydroxyzine

A

Brand name: Atarax (Rx)
Antiemetic agent
Will cause dry mouth and dizziness

28
Q

Generic name: meclizine

A

Brand name: Antivert, Bonine (OTC)
Antiemetic agent
Will cause dry mouth and dizziness

29
Q

Generic name: metoclopramide

A

Brand name: Reglan (Rx)

Antiemetic agent

30
Q

Generic name: ondansetron

A

Brand name: Zofran (Rx)
Antiemetic agent
Will cause drowsiness

31
Q

Generic name: prochlorperazine

A

Brand name: Compazine (Rx)

Antiemetic agent

32
Q

Generic name: promethazine

A

Brand name: Phenergan (Rx)
Antiemetic agent
Will cause drowsiness

33
Q

Generic name: trimethobenzamide

A

Brand name: Tigan (Rx)

Antiemetic agent

34
Q

Generic name: diphenhydramine

A

Brand name: Benadryl (OTC)
Antiemetic agent
Will cause drowsiness

35
Q

Generic name: scopolamine

A

Brand name: Transderm Scop (Rx)
Antiemetic agent
1 patch behind ear every 72 hours

36
Q

GI ulcer

A

Occurs due to loss of tissue lining those parts of the digestive tract exposed to gastric acids.
Anti-ulcer agents work by either reducing the secretion of gastric acids (H2 antagonists) or by coating the lining of the stomach and small intestine to protect it from the adverse effects of stomach acids
Causes: Excess stomach acid, cigarette smoking, bacteria H. pylori, aspirin, NSAIDS, and stress

37
Q

Antacids

A

Take 1 hour after a meal to neutralize the stomach acid for 2 hours.
Active ingredients: Magnesium, Aluminum, or Calcium carbonate
-Magnesium causes diarrhea
-Aluminum causes constipation
Concern: absorb other drugs, which reduces their effect in the body –> Space apart drugs as far as possible.

38
Q

Generic name: aluminum hydroxide

A

Brand name: Amphojel, Alternagel (OTC)

Antacid

39
Q

Generic name: aluminum-magnesium

A

Brand name: Maalox, Mylanta (OTC)

Antacid

40
Q

Generic name: magnesium trisulcate

A

Brand name: Gelusil (OTC)

Antacid

41
Q

Histamine-2 blockers

A 
Block the histamine receptors in the GI tract, which reduces production of acid from other cells
cimetidine
nizatidine
ranitidine
famotidine
42
Q

Generic name: cimetidine

A

Brand name: Tagamet (OTC and Rx)

Histamine-2 blocker

43
Q

Generic name: nizatidine

A

Brand name: Axid (OTC and Rx)

Histamine-2 blocker

44
Q

Generic name: ranitidine

A

Brand name: Zantac (OTC and Rx)

Histamine-2 blocker

45
Q

Generic name: famotidine

A

Brand name: Pepcid (OTC and Rx)

Histamine-2 blocker

46
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A 
Reduce acid more vigorously than histamine-2 blockers. Rx only.
lansoprazole
omeprazole
pantoprazole
esomeprazole
rabeprazole
47
Q

Generic name: lansoprazole

A

Brand name: Prevacid (Rx)

Proton pump inhibitor

48
Q

Generic name: omeprazole

A

Brand name: Prilosec (OTC and Rx)

Proton pump inhibitor

49
Q

Generic name: pantoprazole

A

Brand name: Protonix (Rx)

Proton pump inhibitor

50
Q

Generic name: esomeprazole

A

Brand name: Nexium (Rx)

Proton pump inhibitor

51
Q

Generic name: rabeprazole

A

Brand name: Aciphex (Rx)

Proton pump inhibitor

52
Q

Generic name: misprostol

A

Brand name: Cytotec (Rx)

Miscellaneous ulcer care

53
Q

Generic name: bismuth subsalicylate

A

Brand name: Pepto-Bismol (OTC)

Miscellaneous ulcer care

54
Q

Generic name: sucralfate

A

Brand name: Carafate (Rx)

Miscellaneous ulcer care

55
Q

Generic name: alginic acid

A

Brand name: Gaviscon (OTC)

Miscellaneous ulcer care

56
Q

Generic name: mesalamine

A

Brand name: Rowasa, Asacol, Pentasa (Rx)

Miscellaneous ulcer care

57
Q

Generic name: sulfasalazine

A

Brand name: Azulfidine (Rx)

Miscellaneous ulcer care

58
Q

synergy

A

Combination of drugs produces a greater effect than each drug separately.
ex> Pepto-bismol + Prilosec + Amoxil = better heartburn and ulcer treatment

PTCB Drugs (20 decks)

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