gastrointestinal Flashcards
1
Q
GORD presentation
A
- regurgitation, chronic hiccups
- refusal to feed and failure to thrive
- haematemesis
- older children: laryngitis
- adolescents: heartburn and acid brash
2
Q
GORD diagnosis
A
- endoscopy and oesophageal pH
- diagnosis is usually clinical
3
Q
GORD management
A
- avoid over-feeding, sit upright longer after feeds, nursing in prone position
- antacids
- proton pump inhibitors
- most cases resolve by 6-9 months
4
Q
pyloric stenosis presentation
A
- projectile vomiting after feeding (within minutes, milky and doesn’t contain bile)
- baby not keen to feed, few stool movements
- visible peristalsis, olive shaped mass in right upper quadrant
5
Q
pyloric stenosis diagnosis
A
- diagnosis is usually clinical
- ultrasound
6
Q
pyloric stenosis management
A
pyloromyotomy
7
Q
what is intussusception
A
- typically around 6 months
- bowel telescope in on itself causing obstruction (most commonly in terminal ileum)
8
Q
intussusception presentation
A
- intermittent vomiting (milky/yellow)
- redcurrant stool
- child puts leg up in pain and then it goes limp
- sausage shaped abdominal mass
9
Q
intussusception management
A
- air enema reduction
- surgery if air up anus fails
10
Q
malrotation volvulus cause
A
caused by absent attachments of the small bowel mesentery, which creates instability and allows organs to wrap around each other and form a volvulus that quickly becomes ischaemic
11
Q
malrotation volvulus presentation
A
- green (fairy liquid) bilious vomit
- assume malrotation until proven otherwise
12
Q
malrotation volvulus diagnosis
A
- if malrotation is suspected, commence management
- abdominal x-ray
- upper GI contrast series and ultrasound
13
Q
malrotation volvulus management
A
surgical emergency
14
Q
toddler’s diarrhoea cause
A
thought to be due to bowels not working completely effectively
15
Q
toddler’s diarrhoea presentation
A
- watery diarrhoea 4-10 times a day, with visible lumps of feed
- child otherwise well
- no deviation in growth
