Gastroenterology Flashcards
What is refeeding syndrome
Refeeding syndrome is due to the reintroduction of nutrition (enteral, parenteral, or oral) which cause electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies (Mg, PO, K, and B1). In a starvation state our bodies breakdown cells like fat and protein to create sugar, but when introduce that person to a fed state a lot of the nutrients need to be processed and they do so with Mg, PO, K, B1, is there are not enough of these factors to keep up with food intake then there levels will deplete.
What is dumping syndrome?
Usually presents after a procedure where the was partial removal of the stomach or part of the small intestine. When part of the GI tract is removed the food doesn’t get as much time to be properly broken down in the stomach known as early gastric emptying. The contents of the bolus tends to be more hypertonic causing volume contraction and results in hypotension, tachycardia, etc.
What is lab is pathoneumonic for identifying a pregnant mother with cholestasis of pregnancy?
Bile acids
what is the treatment for a patient with cholestasis of pregnancy
urodeoxycolic acid
what is cholestatis of pregnancy
When an expecting mother has intense pruritus +/- jaundice in the second or third trimester of pregnancy . The mom typically has increased direct bilirubin levels.
What is acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy?
This is due to fatty infiltration taht can cause an acute like failure of the liver. Unlike cholestasis this patient will exhibit right upper quadrant abdominal pain without pruritus. It primarily occurs in the third trimester. Patient will have high bilirubin, elevated PT/PTT, AST and ALT.
____ is the first line pro-kinetic to treat patients with gastroparesis.
metloclopramide
Rotor syndrome and Dubin johnson syndrome are both liver disease that cause elevation in unconjugated/conjugated bilirubin?
conjugated
True/False Gilbert syndrome has elevations in indirect billirubin and AST and ALT levels.
False; while indirect bilirubin levels will rise AST and ALT will not
What is the most complication of a duodenal ulcer?
Perforation
Patient with Atopy and history of asthma presents to your office with dysphagia after taking a PPI. What is the diagnosis?
This is eosinophilic esophagitis (circumfrential mucosal lesions/ trachealization of the esophagus)
At what age do we primarily see intususception?
6 months to 3 years of age
What are alarm gastrointestinal symptoms?
Age >50
Nocturnal diarrhea
Bleeding
History of IBD or cancer
Worsening abdominal pain
In order to diagnose someone with IBS what criteria have to be met?
The patient must have abdominal pain >1 day of the week for three months. And have (2 or more) the following symptoms. Pain relief with defecation, changes in bowel consistency, frequency, and lack of alarm symptoms.
What is the treatment for patients with IBS type C?
lifestyle modifications ie psyllium soluble fiber, diet exercise, and drinking water
