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BPT Clinical > Gastro Short > Flashcards

Gastro Short Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of gum hypertrophy?

A 
Phenytoin
Pregnancy
Scurvy
Gingivitis
Leukaemia
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2
Q

Causes of pigmented lesions in the mouth?

A 
Heavy metals
Anti malarials
OCP
Addison's disease
Peutz-Jegher
Melanoma
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3
Q

Causes of mouth ulcers?

A 
Trauma
Drugs
Crohn's/UC
Coeliac disease
Behcet's
Herpes 
Syphilis
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4
Q

Causes of hepatomegaly?

A 
Metastases
Alcoholic liver disease with fatty infiltration
Myeloproliferative disease
Right heart failure
Hepatocellular cancer
Haemochromatosis
Leukaemia/lymphoma
Amyloid
Hepatitis
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5
Q

Causes of hepatosplenomegaly?

A 
Chronic liver disease with portal hypertension
Haematological disease
Infection
Infiltration - amyloid, sarcoid 
Connective tissue disease
Acromegaly
Thyrotoxicosis
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6
Q

Signs of chronic liver disease in the hands?

A

leuconychia, clubbing, palmar erythema, brusing, asterixis

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7
Q

Signs of portal hypertension?

A

splenomegaly, collateral veins, ascites

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8
Q

Systemic signs of UC?

A 
chronic liver disease
anaemia
arthritis
erythema nodosum 
pyoderma gangrenosum
clubbing
conjunctivitis, iritis, episcleritis
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9
Q

Signs of malabsorption?

A 
glossitis
angular stomatitis
bruising
oedema
peripheral neuropathy
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10
Q

Causes of ascites with a high albumin gradient (>11g/L)

A 
Budd chiari
cirrhosis
heart failure
alcoholic hepatitis 
portal vein thrombosis
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11
Q

Causes of ascites with a low albumin gradient (<11g/L)

A 
malignancy
pancreatitis
infection
nephrotic syndrome
serositis
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12
Q

Causes of splenomegaly?

A 
Massive (LMLM)
- lymphoma
- myelofibrosis
- leukaemia
- malaria
Moderate (PLLTS)
- portal HTN
- leukaemia
- lymphoma
- thallasemia
- storage (gaucher)
Mild
- myeloproliferative disorders
- haemolytic anaemia
- infection - EBV, HBV, 
- CTD - SLE/RA
- infiltrate - amyloid, sarcoid
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13
Q

Causes of cirrhosis?

A 
EtOH
Viral (Hep C, B, D)
NASH
Drugs
Autoimmune hepatitis
Haemochromatosis
Wilson's disease 
PSC
PBC
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Cardiac failure
Cryptogenic
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14
Q

Sequelae of cirrhosis?

A 
Portal hypertension (ascites, varices)
Portal vein thrombosis
SBP
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatorenal syndrome
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Osteoporosis
Thrombocytopaenia
Coagulopathy
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15
Q

Elements of Child Pugh score?

A 
bilirubin
albumin
ascites
encephalopathy
INR
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16
Q

Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C?

A 
cryoglobulinaemia
porphyria cutanea tarda
membranoproliferative GN
lichen planus
hashimoto's thyroiditis
sjogren's
diabetes
polyarthritis 
lymphoproliferative disorders
17
Q

Signs of haemochromatosis?

A 
bronze pigmentation
arthropathy (index and middle MCP)
testicular atrophy
dilated cardiomyopathy
glycosuria
18
Q

Reversible causes of hepatic encephalopathy?

A 
alcohol
drugs
GI haemorrhage
infection
constipation
19
Q

Differences between crohn’s and UC?

A

crohn’s has patchy distribution whereas UC is continuous
crohn’s is transmural whereas UC is superficial
crohn’s affects whole GI tract whereas UC affects large bowel
fistulae and stenosis are common in crohn’s but rare in UC

20
Q

How do you differentiate splenomegaly from an enlarged kidney?

A

spleen: moves towards RIF on inspiration, unable to get above, dull to percussion, non ballotable, presence of a notch
kidney: can get above, resonant to percussion, ballotable

21
Q

Investigations for splenomegaly?

A 
FBE and blood film
haemolysis screen
LFTs
UEC
CRP
blood cultures
malaria screen
virology for EBV
RF
BMAT
lymph node biopsy 
CT C/A/P
TTE if suspect IE
22
Q

What advice should be given to patients undergoing splenectomy?

A 
preoperative vaccination: pneumococcal, meningococcal, haemophillus influenzae
lifelong prophylactic penicillin
annual influenza vaccination
wear medic alert bracelet
seek medical attention if unwell
23
Q

Indications for splenectomy?

A 
ITP
mass effect of spleen
traumatic rupture
haematological malignancies
congenital haemolytic anaemia
24
Q

Signs of alcohol misuse?

A 
cachexia
tremor
parotid enlargement
dupuytren's contracture
cerebellar syndrome
peripheral neuropathy
25
Q

What is the inheritance of haemochromatosis?

A

autosomal recessive

26
Q

Causes of a right upper quadrant mass?

A

liver
kidney
gallblader
colon

27
Q

Causes of a left upper quadrant mass?

A 
spleen
left kidney
colon
pancreas
stomach
28
Q

Causes of a right lower quadrant mass?

A

colon

pelvic mass

29
Q

Causes of a left lower quadrant mass?

A

colon

pelvic mass

BPT Clinical (10 decks)

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