Endocrine Short Flashcards
Secondary causes of osteoporosis?
Drugs Malabsorption Malnutrition Bone marrow disease Connective tissue disease Hyperthyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Cushing's Hypogonadism
Symptoms and signs in acromegaly?
acral enlargement cardiac failure carpal tunnel diabetes enlarged jaw/facial features hypogonadism galactorrhoea goitre headache hypertension macroglossia muscle weakness osteoarthritis skin tags colonic polyps sweating sleep apnoea visual field defect
Causes of diffuse goitre?
idiopathic pregnancy graves' disease hashimoto's thyroiditis subacute thyroiditis iodine deficiency lithium
Causes of thyrotoxicosis?
Graves' disease toxic adenoma multinodular goitre early hashimoto's subacute thyroditis excess thyroid replacement postpartum thyroidits amiodarone lithium contrast induced
Causes of hypothyroidism?
iodine ablation thyroidectomy hashimoto's lithium amiodarone neck irradiation thyroid infiltration
Causes of panyhypopituitarism?
pituitary mass radiotherapy surgery autoimmune post partum pituitary apoplexy infiltration Sheehan's syndrome Kallman syndrome
Evidence of activity in acromegaly?
skin tag number excessive sweating presence of glycosuria visual field loss cranial nerve palsies enlarging goitre hypertension headache increasing ring size, shoe size
What signs of thyroid disease are specific to Graves’ disease?
graves’ ophthalmopathy
thyroid acropachy
pretibial myxoedema
Complications of acromegaly?
HTN cardiomegaly arthritis diabetes visual field defects cranial nerve palsy bowel cancer
What is the pathophysiology of acromegaly?
usually caused by a GH secreting adenoma in the anterior pituitary
What is the treatment for acromegaly?
surgical
somatostatin analogues
dopamine agonists
radiotherapy
What is the management of graves disease?
beta blockers
thionamides (carbimazole or PTU)
radioiodine ablation (contraindicated if thyroid eye disease)
thyroidectomy
What are the dermatological manifestations of cushing’s syndrome?
skin atrophy poor wound healing easy bruising striae acne hirsuitism acanthosis nigricans
What medical therapy can be used for cushings?
ketoconazole
metyrapone
