Gastro-Intestinal Anatomy (part II) Flashcards
What does the biliary tree consist of
Right and left hepatic ducts common hepatic duct Cystic duct common Bile duct main pancreatic ducts
the right and left hepatic ducts join to form what
Common hepatic duct
the cystic duct of the gallbladder joins with what to form the common bile duct
the common hepatic duct
the triangle between the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and the liver is known as what
Callot’s triangle
Callot’s triangle, formed by the cystic duct, the common hepatic duct and the liver, contains what
the cystic artery
the Common bile duct travels in the free edge of what
the lesser omentum
why traveling in the free edge of the lesser omentum it also travels with what
proper hepatic artery and the portal vein
the common bile duct passes through what
the head of the pancreas
after passing through the head of the pancreas the common bile duct is joined by what
the main pancreatic duct
after joining with the main pancreatic duct both the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct opens up where
into the second part of the duodenum
the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct into the duodenum is guarded by what
the smooth muscle Sphincter of Oddi
The gallbladder can contain how much bile
50cc’s
where does the gallbladder lie in the body
in a fossa in the liver between the right and quadrate lobes
the gallbladder has four parts. What are they
fundus
body
neck
cystic duct
The small intestine lies between what
the duodenum and the large intestine
the small intestine is subdivided into what
the proximal part and the distal part
the proximal part of the SI is what
Jejunum and it occupies the upper left part of the abdomen, is thicker, wider and more vascular than the distal part
The distal par of the SI is what
the Ileum and it occupies the lower right part of the abdomen and is thinner, narrower and less vascular than the proximal part
The mesentery of the jejunum has large what
translucent windows, with few large vascular arcades with longer and fewer vasa recta
the mesentery of the ileum small what
opaque windows, numerous smaller arcades and numerous short vasa recta
The ileum has numerous lymphoid aggregates called what
Peyer’s patches (Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
the Superior mesenteric artery supplies all of the what
SI and Large intestine up to the Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
The large intestine has what that the SI does not
Haustra, teniae coli, appendices epiploica and a large diameter
The Colon is subdivided into what
Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
the appendix is approximately how long
4” long
the appendix is an out-pouching from the posteriomedial aspect of what
the cecum where the teniae coli meet
the appendix is suspended by what
the mesoappendix
the colon is located where?
Behind the cecum (65%)
in pelvis (30%)
either Retro-ileal or pre-ileal (5%)
the colon is supplied by what
the appendicular artery
The colon is located where
at McBurney’s point - 2/3 along a line from the umbilicus and ASIS
The large intestine is derived from both the midgut and therefore supplied by what
Superior and Inferior Mesenteric arteries
there is a watershed area in the large intestine which is located where
at the junction of the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon and the distal third transverse colon
where do lymphatics of the colon drain
first to the pericolic, then to paracolic to mesenteric to para-aortic nodes
The sigmoid colon continues as what
the rectum
The rectum is how long
5”
the Rectum has how man curves
three curves
The lower part of the rectum is dilated and known as
the ampulla
The upper third of the rectum is covered by what
pelvic peritoneum on the anterior and lateral sides
The middle third of the colon is covered by what and where
peritoneum only on the anterior aspect
the lower third of the colon is covered by what and where
(trick) it is not covered by any peritoneum and is considered retroperitoneal
the rectum is supplied by what
the superior rectal branch of the Inferior Mesenteric artery
the rectum is derived from what
the hind gut
the rectum drains into what
the inferior mesenteric nodes
the rectum continues as what
the anal canal once it passes through the pelvic diaphragm
The anal canal is how long
1.5”
the anal canal is derived from what
two embryological origins - endoderm and ectoderm
the anal canal has a junction between the ectoderm and endoderm derived parts known as what
the pectineal line
The columns of Morgagni are longitudinal folds in the anal canal located where
above the pectineal line
the columns of Morgagni in the anal canal are connected where
inferiorly by mucosal folds called the valves of Ball
where do the anal glands open
behind the valves of Ball
where is the anal canal oriented directionally
posteriorly and inferiorly
the anal canal is guarded by two sphincters known as what
Internal circular sphincter
external sphincter
the internal circular sphincter of the anal canal is made up of what
smooth muscle
the external sphincter of the anal canal is made up of three parts; deep, superficial and submucosal and is made up of
skeletal muscle
The external sphincter is supplied by what
inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve
The pectinate line (pectineal) is an important line separating what
the upper anal have from the lower
the upper half of the anal canal is derived from what
endoderm (hind gut) and is insensitive to pain
the blood supply to the upper have of the anal canal is supplied by what
inferior mesenteric artery
the lymphatics from the upper have of the anal canal drains into what
inferior mesenteric nodes
the lower have of the anal canal is derived from what
ectoderm and is sensitive to pain
the blood supply to the lower half of the anal canal is from what
inferior rectal branch of the internal pudendal artery
the inferior rectal branch of the internal pudendal artery is a branch of what
the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
the lymphatic from the lower half of the anal canal drains into what
the lateral group of Superficial Inguinal nodes in the groin
