Cardiovascular Anatomy (part I) Flashcards
in what region does the heart develop in? in what week
the cephalic region in the third week
The heart develops from what germinal layer
Mesoderm
Angioblastic tissue coalesce to form what
the right and left endocardial tubes
the right and left endocardial tubes will fuse to form what
primitive heart tube
The primitive heart tube folds on itself and develops what
three dilations- 1) atrial 2) ventricular 3) bulbus cordis
The proximal end of the heart tube is formed by what
sinus venosus
the distal end of the heart tube is formed by what
truncus arteriosus
The atrial dilation is divided by what in what week
divided by septum primum in the fifth week
A hole appears in the upper part of the septum primum. what is that hole
ostium secundum
a second hole appears in the upper part of the septum primum called what
septum secundum
the septum secundum remains incomplete inferiorly and is known as what
the limbus of the fossa ovalis
the ventricular dilation is divided by a septum which goes upward toward what
endocardial cushions
The truncus arteriosus is divided into what two separate tubes in the 7th and 8th weeks
aortic and pulmonary
There is a connection called the ductus arteriosus in the fetus that allows for what
oxygenated blood to be shunted from the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta
The ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth to for what
the ligamentum arteriosum
What are a few congenital abnormalities that may occur to a fetus (5)
Ventricular septal defect Atrial septal defect Fallots tetralogy Patent foramen ovale Persistent ductus arteriosus
what is the most common congenital heart disease
Ventricular septal defect
What is the most common Atrial septal defect
ostium secundum defect
What is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease
Fallot’s Tetralogy
What does Fallot’s Tetralogy consist of
Pulmonary stenosis
ventricular septal defect
right ventricular hypertrophy
over-riding (dextroposition) of the aorta
Cyanosis is due to the mixing of arterial blood with deoxygenated blood and occurs in what type of shunt
Right to left
What are some acyanotic diseases
atrial septal Defect, ventricular septal Defect and persistent Ductus arteriosus
the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and persistent ductus arteriosus are what directional shunt
left to right shunts
the persistent ductus arteriosus results from what
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth
where are the 4 surfaces markings of the heart
3rd and 6th right costal cartilage
2nd left costal cartilage
5th left intercostal space
how far are the 4 surface marking away from the sternal edge
1 finger width away except in the 5th left intercostal space which is 7-9 cm from the midsternal line
the right heart border is made up of what part of the heart
the right atrium
the inferior heart order is made up of what part of the heart
right ventricle
the left heart border is made up of what what part of the heart
the left ventricle and left auricle of left atrium
the hearts right atrium has two origins from where
one from the sinus venosus and one from the true atrium
The Rough part of the right atrium is derived from what
true atrium
the Rough part of the right atrium has what muscle bundles
pectinate muscle bundles
the smooth par of the right atrium is derived from where
the sinus venosus embryolocally
What are the rough and smooth part of the right atrium separated by what
the crista terminalis
what is the oval depression on the interatrial septum
Fossa ovale
the fossa ovale represents what
the location of the fetal foramen ovalis - septum primum
Above the fossa ovale there is a ridge called what
limbus of the fossa ovalis
the limbus of the fossa ovalis is the remnant of what
septum secundum
just above the opening of the tricuspid valve lies the orifice of what
coronary sinus
60-70% of myocardial venous blood drains into the heart via what
coronary sinus
The left atrium has how many pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lung
4 pulmonary veins
Does the left atrium have both rough and smooth parts like the right atrium?
Yes
The right ventricle has several large fleshy muscles called
trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
The septomarginal branch, in the right ventricle, is also known as what
the moderator band
What is a smooth funnel-shape inlet to the opening of the pulmonary valves of the right ventricle called
infundibulum
the left ventricle has a thick muscular wall with some trabeculae carneae which is how much thicker than the right
three times
The left ventricle is separated from the right ventricle by what
the interventricular septum
the interventricular septum has what two parts to it
a thin upper membranous part and the thick lower muscular part
Where are the surface markings for heart sounds (4)
2nd right/left intercostal space
4th left intercostal space
5th left intercostal space
what do you hear at each intercostal space for heart sounds
2nd right Aortic
2nd left Pulmonary
4th left Tricuspid
5th left Mitral
There are how many heart valves
4
what valve is from the right atrium to right ventricle
Tricuspid [with anterior, posterior and septal leaflets]
what valve is from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary [with anterior, right and left posterior semilunar valves - PAP]
what heart valve if from the left atrium to left ventricle
Mitral [with anterior and posterior leaflets]
what valve is from the left ventricle to ascending aorta
Aortic [with posterior, right/left anterior semilunar valves - APA]
The valve leaflets are attaches to what muscle by fibrous cords called what?
Papillary muscles by fibrous cords called chorda tendinae
The coronary blood supply to the heart is supplies by what two branches that arise from the the ascending part of the aorta
Right/Left coronary artery
Where does the right coronary artery originate from
right aortic coronary sinus
the right coronary artery runs between what
the right auricle and pulmonary trunk in the anterior atrioventricular sulcus
the right coronary artery has what branches
sinu-artial
right marginal
posterior interventricular
atrioventricular
the right coronary artery distributes to
right atrium right ventricle 30% of left atrium SA node AV node posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum
In what percent of the population does the right coronary artery supply the SA node
55%
in what percent of the population does the right coronary artery supply the AV node
85%
The left coronary artery originates from what?
left aortic coronary sinus
the left coronary artery includes what branches
Circumflex
anterior interventricular [aka left anterior descending]
left marginal
the left coronary artery distributes blood where
left ventricle
70% of left atrium
anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
The Coronary sinus drains what percent of the venous blood from the heart
60-70%
the coronary sinus drains venous blood of the heart via the following veins
Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
oblique cardiac vein
the Great cardiac vein accompanies what artery
left anterior descending artery
the small cardiac vein accompanies what artery
right marginal
the middle cardiac vein accompanies what artery
posterior interventricular artery
what artery does the oblique cardiac vein accompany
none
The remaining 30-40% of venous blood of the heart is drained via
the anterior cardiac vein and the smaller Venae Cordis Minimi
Where does the anterior cardiac vein open into
right atrium
