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NBCE I (General Anatomy) > Cardiovascular Anatomy (part I) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy (part I) Flashcards

0
Q

in what region does the heart develop in? in what week

A

the cephalic region in the third week

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1
Q

The heart develops from what germinal layer

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Angioblastic tissue coalesce to form what

A

the right and left endocardial tubes

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3
Q

the right and left endocardial tubes will fuse to form what

A

primitive heart tube

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4
Q

The primitive heart tube folds on itself and develops what

A

three dilations- 1) atrial 2) ventricular 3) bulbus cordis

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5
Q

The proximal end of the heart tube is formed by what

A

sinus venosus

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6
Q

the distal end of the heart tube is formed by what

A

truncus arteriosus

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7
Q

The atrial dilation is divided by what in what week

A

divided by septum primum in the fifth week

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8
Q

A hole appears in the upper part of the septum primum. what is that hole

A

ostium secundum

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9
Q

a second hole appears in the upper part of the septum primum called what

A

septum secundum

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10
Q

the septum secundum remains incomplete inferiorly and is known as what

A

the limbus of the fossa ovalis

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11
Q

the ventricular dilation is divided by a septum which goes upward toward what

A

endocardial cushions

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12
Q

The truncus arteriosus is divided into what two separate tubes in the 7th and 8th weeks

A

aortic and pulmonary

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13
Q

There is a connection called the ductus arteriosus in the fetus that allows for what

A

oxygenated blood to be shunted from the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta

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14
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth to for what

A

the ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

What are a few congenital abnormalities that may occur to a fetus (5)

A 
Ventricular septal defect 
Atrial septal defect
Fallots tetralogy
Patent foramen ovale
Persistent ductus arteriosus
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16
Q

what is the most common congenital heart disease

A

Ventricular septal defect

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17
Q

What is the most common Atrial septal defect

A

ostium secundum defect

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18
Q

What is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease

A

Fallot’s Tetralogy

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20
Q

What does Fallot’s Tetralogy consist of

A

Pulmonary stenosis
ventricular septal defect
right ventricular hypertrophy
over-riding (dextroposition) of the aorta

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21
Q

Cyanosis is due to the mixing of arterial blood with deoxygenated blood and occurs in what type of shunt

A

Right to left

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22
Q

What are some acyanotic diseases

A

atrial septal Defect, ventricular septal Defect and persistent Ductus arteriosus

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23
Q

the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and persistent ductus arteriosus are what directional shunt

A

left to right shunts

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24
Q

the persistent ductus arteriosus results from what

A

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth

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25
where are the 4 surfaces markings of the heart
3rd and 6th right costal cartilage 2nd left costal cartilage 5th left intercostal space
26
how far are the 4 surface marking away from the sternal edge
1 finger width away except in the 5th left intercostal space which is 7-9 cm from the midsternal line
27
the right heart border is made up of what part of the heart
the right atrium
28
the inferior heart order is made up of what part of the heart
right ventricle
29
the left heart border is made up of what what part of the heart
the left ventricle and left auricle of left atrium
30
the hearts right atrium has two origins from where
one from the sinus venosus and one from the true atrium
31
The Rough part of the right atrium is derived from what
true atrium
32
the Rough part of the right atrium has what muscle bundles
pectinate muscle bundles
33
the smooth par of the right atrium is derived from where
the sinus venosus embryolocally
34
What are the rough and smooth part of the right atrium separated by what
the crista terminalis
35
what is the oval depression on the interatrial septum
Fossa ovale
36
the fossa ovale represents what
the location of the fetal foramen ovalis - septum primum
37
Above the fossa ovale there is a ridge called what
limbus of the fossa ovalis
38
the limbus of the fossa ovalis is the remnant of what
septum secundum
39
just above the opening of the tricuspid valve lies the orifice of what
coronary sinus
40
60-70% of myocardial venous blood drains into the heart via what
coronary sinus
41
The left atrium has how many pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lung
4 pulmonary veins
42
Does the left atrium have both rough and smooth parts like the right atrium?
Yes
43
The right ventricle has several large fleshy muscles called
trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
44
The septomarginal branch, in the right ventricle, is also known as what
the moderator band
45
What is a smooth funnel-shape inlet to the opening of the pulmonary valves of the right ventricle called
infundibulum
46
the left ventricle has a thick muscular wall with some trabeculae carneae which is how much thicker than the right
three times
47
The left ventricle is separated from the right ventricle by what
the interventricular septum
48
the interventricular septum has what two parts to it
a thin upper membranous part and the thick lower muscular part
49
Where are the surface markings for heart sounds (4)
2nd right/left intercostal space 4th left intercostal space 5th left intercostal space
50
what do you hear at each intercostal space for heart sounds
2nd right Aortic 2nd left Pulmonary 4th left Tricuspid 5th left Mitral
51
There are how many heart valves
4
52
what valve is from the right atrium to right ventricle
Tricuspid [with anterior, posterior and septal leaflets]
53
what valve is from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary [with anterior, right and left posterior semilunar valves - PAP]
54
what heart valve if from the left atrium to left ventricle
Mitral [with anterior and posterior leaflets]
55
what valve is from the left ventricle to ascending aorta
Aortic [with posterior, right/left anterior semilunar valves - APA]
56
The valve leaflets are attaches to what muscle by fibrous cords called what?
Papillary muscles by fibrous cords called chorda tendinae
57
The coronary blood supply to the heart is supplies by what two branches that arise from the the ascending part of the aorta
Right/Left coronary artery
58
Where does the right coronary artery originate from
right aortic coronary sinus
59
the right coronary artery runs between what
the right auricle and pulmonary trunk in the anterior atrioventricular sulcus
60
the right coronary artery has what branches
sinu-artial right marginal posterior interventricular atrioventricular
61
the right coronary artery distributes to
``` right atrium right ventricle 30% of left atrium SA node AV node posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum ```
62
In what percent of the population does the right coronary artery supply the SA node
55%
63
in what percent of the population does the right coronary artery supply the AV node
85%
64
The left coronary artery originates from what?
left aortic coronary sinus
65
the left coronary artery includes what branches
Circumflex anterior interventricular [aka left anterior descending] left marginal
66
the left coronary artery distributes blood where
left ventricle 70% of left atrium anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
67
The Coronary sinus drains what percent of the venous blood from the heart
60-70%
68
the coronary sinus drains venous blood of the heart via the following veins
Great cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein oblique cardiac vein
69
the Great cardiac vein accompanies what artery
left anterior descending artery
70
the small cardiac vein accompanies what artery
right marginal
71
the middle cardiac vein accompanies what artery
posterior interventricular artery
72
what artery does the oblique cardiac vein accompany
none
73
The remaining 30-40% of venous blood of the heart is drained via
the anterior cardiac vein and the smaller Venae Cordis Minimi
74
Where does the anterior cardiac vein open into
right atrium

NBCE I (General Anatomy) (9 decks)

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