Anatomical spaces Flashcards
the thoracic outlet is also known as what
superior thoracic aperture
what are the boundaries of the thoracic outlet
T1 vertebra (posterior), 1st rib (lateral), and manubrium of sternum (anterior)
What makes up the roof of the thoracic outlet
suprapleural membrane (sibson’s fascia)
the suprapleural membrane of the thoracic outlet extends to and from what
from the tip of the transverse process of C7 to the inner aspect of the 1st rib
the thoracic outlet consists of what
Trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, right and left brachiocephalic veins, right and left vagus nerves, phrenic nerves, right and left sympathetic trunks, T1 of the brachial plexus and the sternohyoid, sternothyroid and longus coli muscle
What are the boundaries of the Axilla
pectoralis major and minor (anterior), subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi (posterior), upper four ribs and serratus anterior (medial) and bicipital groove of the humerus (lateral)
What is the roof of the axilla made up of
Clavicle (anterior), 1st rib (medial) and scapula (posterior)
What makes up the floor of the axilla
skin and superficial fascia
what are the contents of the axilla
axillary artery and branches, axillary vein and tributaries, cords of the brachial plexus and six groups of lymph nodes: Anterior (pectoral) Posterior (subscapular) Infraclavicular Central Apical Lateral (along axillary vein)
What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular space
Teres minor (superior) Teres major (inferior) long head of triceps (medial) humerus (lateral)
What are the contents of the quadrangular space
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
What makes up the floor and roof of the quadrangular space
nothing
What are the boundaries of the triangular space
teres minor (superior), teres major (inferior), long head of triceps (lateral)
What are the contents of the triangular space
circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular artery
What makes up the floor and roof of the triangular space
nothing
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa
pronator teres (medial), brachioradialis (lateral), imaginary line between humeral epicondyles (superior)
what makes up the roof of the cubital fossa
skin, superficial fascia containing median cubital vein, deep fascia and the bicipital aponeurosis
What makes up the floor of the cubital fossa
brachialis (medial), supinator muscle (Lateral)
What are the contents of the cubital fossa
Lateral to medial: radial nerve, tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery (and its terminal branches-radial and ulnar) and the median nerve
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox
tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (anterior) and tendon of extensor pollicis longus (posterior)
What makes up the roof of the anatomical snuffbox
skin, superior fascia with cephalic vein and superficial branch of the radial nerve
What makes up the floor of the anatomical snuffbox
styloid process of radius
scaphoid
trapezium
base of the 1st metacarpus
what are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox
radial artery and tendons of extensor carpi radialis longus brevis
What makes up the floor of the carpal tunnel
Carpal bones (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate)
what makes up the roof of the carpal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum - 1st fibrous square attached to the following carpal bones: Scaphoid, Trapezium Os hamate and Pisiform bones (STOP)
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel
the median nerve, tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus and tendon of flexor pollicis longus (flexor carpi radialis lies in a separate compartment)
Why is the sensation of the palm still intact when one suffers from carpal tunnel syndrome
because the superficial palmer branch of the median nerve passes over the retinaculum
Guytons canal is also known as what>
ulnar tunnel
what is Guytons canal floor made of
flexor retinaculum
what is the roof of Guytons canal composed of
pisohamate ligament
what is the medial border of Guytons canal
pisiform
what is the lateral border of Guytons canal
hamate
what are the contents of Guytons canal
ulnar nerve and ulnar artery
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal
External oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique (anterior) with the conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia (posterior)
What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal
arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal
inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament medially
what is the extent of the inguinal canal
between the deep and superficial inguinal rings
What are the contents of the inguinal canal
ilioinguinal nerve
spermatic cord in males
round ligament of uterus in females
What are the boundaries of the femoral canal
lacunar ligament (medial), inguinal ligament (anterior), femoral vein (lateral), and pectineus and pectineal ligament (posterior)
what makes up the roof of the femoral canal
connective tissue
what are the contents of the femoral canal
lymph nodes (Cloquet or Rosenmuller), lymphatics and connective tissue
What is the adductor canal also known as
Subsartorial or hunters canal
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal
vastus medialis (anterolateral) sartorius (anteromedial) adductor longus and adductor magnus (posterolateral)
what are the contents of the adductor canal
femoral artery and vein
saphenous nerve
nerve to casus medialis
What are the boundaries of the Popliteal fossa
Biceps femoris (superolateral), semitendinosus and semimembranosus (superomedial), lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius (inferolateral and inferomedial)
what makes up the roof of the popliteal fossa
skin, superficial fascia with short saphenous vein and deep fascia
what makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa
lower end of femur, posterior aspect of knee joint, popliteus muscle and fascia
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa
tibial nerve, popliteal vein and artery, common peroneal (fibular) nerve, nodes, and fat
where do the tibial Vein Artery and Nerve lie in relation to one another
The artery is the deepest, the tibial nerve is most superficial and the vein is in between the nerve and the artery
Where does the tarsal tunnel lie
behind the medial malleolus and under the flexor retinaculum
What are the contents of the Tarsal tunnel
Tibialis Posterior tendon Flexor Digitorum longus tendon Flexor Hallucis longus tendon Posterior tibial Vein, Artery and Nerve "Tom Dick and Harry took the Posterior tibial VAN through the Tarsal Tunnel"
