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NBCE I (General Anatomy) > Gastro-Intestinal Anatomy (part I) > Flashcards

Gastro-Intestinal Anatomy (part I) Flashcards

1
Q

The GI tract is derived from what germ layer

A

the endoderm

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2
Q

what are the three embryological parts of the GI tract

A

Foregut, midgut and hindgut

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3
Q

the fore gut is supplied by what

A

celiac trunk

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4
Q

what does the foregut give rise too

A

esophagus, stomach, proximal half of the duodenum, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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5
Q

what is the midgut supplied by

A

superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

what does the midgut give rise too

A

distal half of the duodenum, small intestine, proximal half of large intestine up to the proximal two thirds of transverse colon

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7
Q

what is the hindgut supplied by

A

the inferior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

what does the hindgut give rise too

A

rest of the large intestine from the distal third of the transverse colon to the proximal half of the anal canal

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9
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum

A

it is an uncommon congenital anomaly

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10
Q

what percentage of the population does meckels diverticulum occur in

A

2%

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11
Q

how long is Meckels diverticulum and where is it located

A

it is 2 inches long and is located 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal junction

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12
Q

what are the two types of ectoptic tissues that meckels diverticulum may contain

A

gastric and pancreatic tissue

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13
Q

how much more often is meckels diverticulum found in males than females

A

two times more common in males

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14
Q

The GI tract can be divided in how many quadrants? what are they

A

4 quadrants - right and left upper and right and left lower quadrants

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15
Q

how many regions are located in the abdominal region

A

9 regions associated with organs

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16
Q

what are the 9 regions of the abdominal area

A

epigastric, right and left hypochondrium, umbilical, right and left flanks, right iliac fossa, left iliac fossa and hypogastric (suprapubic)

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17
Q

what organs are in the epigastric region of the abs

A

stomach duodenum and pancreas

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18
Q

what organs are in the right hypochondrium region

A

liver and gallbladder

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19
Q

what organs are in the left hypochondrium region

A

spleen

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20
Q

what is located in the umbilical region of the abs

A

small intestine

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21
Q

what organs are located in the right and left flanks of the abs

A

right and left kidneys

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22
Q

What organs are located in the right iliac fossa of the abs

A

appendix, right ovary and right uterine tube and cecum

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23
Q

what organs are located in the left iliac fossa of the abs

A

left ovary, left uterine tube and sigmoid colon

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24
Q

what organs are located in the hypogastric (suprapubic) region

A

bladder and uterus

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25
Q

Where is the dermatome T7 level

A

xiphoid level

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26
Q

where is the dermatome T10 level

A

umbilical level

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27
Q

where is the dermatome level of L1

A

inguinal region

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28
Q

how many layers does the anterior abdominal wall consist of

A

6 layers

29
Q

what are the 6 layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A 
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
muscle
transversalis fascia 
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum
30
Q

the subcutaneous layer of the anterior abdominal wall is further divided into how many layers and what are they

A 
two more layers 
fatty layer (camper)
membranous layer (Scarpa)
31
Q

the membranous layer of the subcutaneous layer of the anterior abdominal wall is continuous of with

A

Colles fascia in the scrotum and buck’s fascia around the penis

32
Q

the membranous layer of the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall is attaches to what

A

the base of the urogenital diaphragm

33
Q

In the muscle layer lateral to the linea semilunaris of the anterior abdominal wall there are three muscles. What are they

A

External oblique
internal oblique
transversalis abdominal

34
Q

in the muscle layer medial to the linea semilunaris there are three different structures. What are they

A

Anterior layer of the rectus sheath
rectus abdominis muscle
posterior layer of the rectus sheath

35
Q

The anterior abdominal wall is innervated by what

A

the lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-T11), the subcostal nerve (T12), the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

36
Q

Where is the rectus sheath found in relation to the arcuate line

A

above and below

37
Q

the rectus sheath above the arcuate line has what two layers

A

Anterior and posterior layer

38
Q

the rectus sheath below the arcuate line consists of that layers

A

anterior layer and posterior layer

39
Q

the posterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line is what

A

deficient and is covered only by transversalis fascia

40
Q

the arcuate line is located where

A

posterior to the rectus muscle midway between the umbilicus and the symphysis

41
Q

what are the contents of the rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis muscle
pyramidalis muscle
superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins

42
Q

the Peritoneum is the what of the abdominal cavity

A

it is the inner lining

43
Q

what are the two parts of the anterior abdominal wall peritoneum

A

the parietal and visceral layer

44
Q

the parietal layer of the peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall is what to pain

A

sensitive to pain

45
Q

is the visceral layer of the peritoneum of the abdominal layer sensitive to pain

A

it is not sensitive to pain but is sensitive to distension

46
Q

what are the two layers of the abdominal cavity

A

greater and lesser sacs

47
Q

the lesser sac of the abdominal cavity lies where

A

behind the stomach

48
Q

where does the lesser sac of the abdominal cavity open into

A

the greater sac via the epiploeic foramen of winslow

49
Q

what are the retroperitoneal structure of the abdominal cavity (AC DC PARK AID)

A

Ascending Colon, Descending Colon, Pancreas, Adrenals, Rectum (lower 2/3), Kidneys, Aorta, IVC, Duodenum (2nd and 4th part)

50
Q

The stomach is a J-shaped sac that is lined by what?

A

lined by columnar epithelium and covered by three layers of smooth muscle

51
Q

what are the three layers of smooth muscle that are lining the stomach

A

Outer longitudinal
inner circular
innermost oblique

52
Q

The stomach has 2 notches. What are they

A

cardiac and angular notches

53
Q

the stomach has two curvatures known as what

A

lesser and greater curvature

54
Q

what are the two attached omenta of the stomach

A

Greater and lesser omentum

55
Q

the stomach is guarded by two sphincters known as what

A

lower esophageal and pyloric

56
Q

the stomach contains two main types of cells. What are they and what do they produce

A

Chief cells - pepsinogen

parietal (oxyntic) cells - HCL and Intrinsic factor

57
Q

What are the vessels that supply the stomach with blood

A

Left and Right Gastric
Left gastro-epiploic and short gastric
Right gastro-epiploic

58
Q

The duodenum is shaped like what

A

a ten inch C-shaped tube

59
Q

How many parts are there to the duodenum and what is their length?

A 
4 parts
1st part is 2" long
2nd part is 3" long
3rd part is 4" long 
4th part is 1" long
60
Q

The upper half of the duodenum is supplied by what artery

A

the superior pancreatico-duodenal artery

61
Q

the lower half of the duodenum is supplied by what artery

A

the inferior pancreatic-duodenal artery (the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery)

62
Q

What opens up into the second part of the duodenum

A

the common bile duct of the biliary tree

63
Q

what passes over the third part of the duodenum

A

the superior mesenteric vein and artery

64
Q

The fourth part of the duodenum is continuous with the jejunum where

A

the duodeno-jejunal junction

65
Q

The duodeno-jejunal junction is fixed and held in place by what

A

the suspensory ligament (of Treitz)

66
Q

the suspensory ligament [of Treitz] (at the duodeno-jejunal junction) is attached to what

A

the right crus of the diaphragm

67
Q

the first inch of the first part of the duodenum is what

A

intraperitoneal

68
Q

the rest of the duodenum after the first inch of the first part is what

A

retroperitoneal

NBCE I (General Anatomy) (9 decks)

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