Gastro Flashcards
(1115 cards)
Aetiology of gastroenteritis
Bacterial or viral infection of intestines. Bacteria include Ecoli, campylobacter and salmonella. Viral includes norovirus and rotaviruses
Risk factors for gastroenteritis
Eating undercooked meat Regularly eat certain foods like mayo and eggs Seasonal depending on any outbreaks Travel history Immunocompromised Recent antibiotics Cases in clusters such as cruise ship People with electrolyte imbalances, glycaemic issues and renal failure suffer serious complications
Define gastroenteritis
Inflammation of small intestine and stomach
Define infective colitis
Inflammation of colon
Epidemiology of gastroenteritis
Worldwide massive fatality problem but in UK just uncomfortable and 20% of people will have it in a year.
Problem for children too
Presenting symptoms of gastroenteritis and infective colitis
Diarrorhoea
Vomiting and nausea
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain
Gastroenteritis and infective colitis on examination
Tender pain across abdomen on palpation
Appropriate investigations for gastroenteritis and infective colitis
Full blood count
- significant deviations
- anaemia could indicate a chronic diarrorhoea
- raised Hb could show severe dehydration
- platelets could measure severity of repsonse as acute response
- also WBCs
U and Es
- see elctrolyte imbalances so what needs replacing and indicates volume depletion
- urea and creatinine probs elevated
Collect stool for cultures and microscopy
Management ideas for gastroenteritis and infective colitis
Treat dehydration with fluid and possible fluid resucitation
Replace electrolytes
How to classify jaundice
Pre hepatic
Hepatic
Post hepatic
First thing need to do when find out someone has high bilirubin
Work out if uncon or con
Investigation for differentiating whether bilirubin uncon or con
Van den bergh
What elevated enzyme indicate post hepatic jaundice
Alkaline phosphate
What investigation would you do in healthy person with elevated bilirubin
Fasting bilirubin
Presentation of Gilberts syndrome
Very healthy but jaundiced upon stress
What is inheritance of gilberts
Recessive
Which tests are best representative of liver function
Livers make clotting factors (PT) and albumin. Bilirubin is used as well
Whst liver function test gets elevated acutely
PT
How long does it take for albumin to dop off
Ages
Rule of thumb based on what to do with patient with liver disease acutely
If PT rises by a second every bloods then call liver unit however if not they are fine to stay where are
Pre hepatic causes of jaundice
Gilberts
Haemolysis
Post hepatic causes of jaundice
Gallstones
Pancreatic cancer
Which enzymes are particularly elevated in heaptic jaundice
AST
ALT
All suggest hepatocyte damage
What would exclude post hepatic as a cause of jaundice in blood
Marginal ALP