ENT Flashcards
What is otorrhoea
Discharge from here
What is otalgia
Pain in ear
What does pain when touching tragus suggest
Otitis externa
6 cardinal signs of otology
Otorrhoea Dizziness Otalgia Tinnitus Hearing loss Facial weakness
What does pulsatile tinnitus suggest
Vascular cause
What to always bear in mind when pt presents with facial weakness
Hearing problem
2 main tests for ear pathology
Otoscopy
Tuning fork test
What to always bear in mind when patient presents with ear pathology
Taste in mouth
What is webbers test
Place tuning fork on the forehead of patient and ask if it is louder in one ear
If hear webbers louder in right ear what are possible pathologies
Sensorineural in left
Conductive in right
What would be normal Rinnes test
Hear louder on air conduction
Signs of otitis media otoscopy
Enlarged ear drum
Colour change
Enlarged vessels
Causes of otitis media
URTI viral
Bacteria
Common history of otitis externa
Swimmer
White findings on otology
Fungus infection with black spots in- common post otitis externa
Cholesteatoma- stratified squamous epithelium in ear
Dangers of cholesteatoma
Can invade to local structures such as even brain
Other signs of bells palsy other than droop
Dry eyes as supplies lacrimal gland
Taste loss at back of mouth
What must be ruled out before bells palsy diagnosis
Lyme disease
Ear pathology- could be tumour around ear- otoscopy
MRI brain for tumour
What is bells phenomena
When eyes are closed our eyes look up so in bells phenomena when eyes are closed with facial droop cant see eyes
Nose history
Sneezing Itching Congestion Rhinorrhoea Hyposmia Anosmia Allergens Pain Bleeding Related problems in ear
What gives you pain associated with nose
Sinusitis
Cancer
What to do in nose examination
Inspect the front and side of face
Palpate sinuses and nasal bones
Do anterior rhinoscopy
Tool used to look up nose
Hold nostril open using thudicilums speculum
Can look up using otoscope
What does midline lump that moves with swallowing indicate
Thyroid related
What does lump that moves with sticking tongue out suggest but did move with swallowing
Thyroglossal cyst
What does lump that doesnt move with sticking tongue out suggest but did move with swallowing
Thyroid enlaregment
Where are thyroglossal cysts
Tongue or thyroid
What are throglossal cysts caused by
Pathology of thyroid tongue development which leaves behind a persistent thyroglossal duct
Complication of thyroglossal cyst
Infection
What is feature of thyroglossal cyst
Transilluminable
DDx of thyroglossal cyst
Chondroma
Dermoid cyst
What to do when palpating thyroid
See if is regular enlargement- multinodular or uninodular
