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year 3 conditions > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What are small flat skin lesions

A

Macule

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2
Q

What are large flat skin lesions

A

Patch

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3
Q

What are raised small skin lesions called

A

papule

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4
Q

What are large raised skin lesions called

A

Nodule

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5
Q

What is fluid filled lesion called that is less than .5cm

A

Vesicle

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6
Q

What is a pus filled skin lesion called

A

Pustule

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7
Q

What is a large fluid filled skin lesion called

A

Bulla

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8
Q

Buzz words for skin SCC

A 
Hyperkeratotic
Scaly/crusty
Ulcerated
Non-healing
Rolled edges
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9
Q

What is a rolled edge to a skin lesion

A

Like a volcano in that top is raised

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10
Q

What is precancerous form of skin SCC

A

Actinic keratosis

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11
Q

RFx skin SCC and BCC

A

UV
FHx
Lighter skin
Immunosuppression

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12
Q

Where do skin SCC invade

A

Locally to dermis

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13
Q

Where do skin SCC and melanoma metastasise to

A

Lung
Bone
Liver
Brain

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14
Q

Buzzwords for skin BCC

A 
Central fine
Telengiectasia
Nodule
Pearly and rolled edges
Central ulcer
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15
Q

What is another word for central ulcer in skin BCC

A

Rodent ulcer

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16
Q

Where do BBC metastasise

A

They dont normally

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17
Q

What is invasion of skin BCC

A

Very slow

Local into dermis

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of skin BCC

A

Nodular
Morpheic- scar like with yellow waxy plaque
Pigmented- dense colour with specks of colour
Superficial- flat shape

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19
Q

Buzzwords for melanoma skin characteristics

A 
A-E
Asymmetry
Border- irregular
Colour- pigmented
Diameter- >6mm
Evolution- odd developing shape and size
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20
Q

What can happen to melanomas

A

Crust over
Itchy
Ulcerate
Bleed

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21
Q

What are 4 types of melanoma

A

Superficial spreading
Lentigo maligna- flat lesions on face in elderly
Nodular- domed shaped, rapid growth
Acral lentiginous- seen on palms, soles and nail beds of non caucasians

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22
Q

Initial bedside test for skin cancers

A

Dermatoscope

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23
Q

Blood tests for skin cancer

A

Calcium
ALP
LFTs

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24
Q

Imaging for skin cancers

A

CT/MRI/PET to image

Biopsy

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25
Q

What is breslow thickness

A

Looks at how deep melanomas have invaded- done on biopsy

Indicator for prognosis

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26
Q

What are melanocytic naevi

A

Benign neoplasms of melanocytes

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27
Q

When do melanocytic naevi develop

A

Congenital- happens during teenage years

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28
Q

How is a melanocytic naevi described

A

Symmetrical
Flat
Regular borders

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29
Q

What separates melanomas for melanocytic naevi

A

Doesnt bleed, itchy, ulcerate or crust over

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30
Q

What is other word for eczema

A

Dermatitis

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31
Q

What type of conditin is eczema

A

Inflammatory not autoimmune

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32
Q

Where does atopic eczema occur on body

A

Flexor surfaces

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33
Q

How is eczema described

A

Dry skin
Itchy
Erythematous

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34
Q

What is lichenification

A

Thickened skin

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35
Q

What is long term appearance of eczema

A

Lichenification

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36
Q

What are RFx for atopic eczema

A

Atopy FHx or PMHx

Filaggrin gene mutation

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37
Q

Triggers for eczema

A 
Soap, shampoo
Food allergies
Pollen
House dust mites
Pets
38
Q

What can cause contact dermatitis

A

Nickel and latex

39
Q

How does discoid dermatitis appear

A

Coin shaped lesions

40
Q

What is distribution of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Around scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial area- cradle cap

41
Q

What is distribution of dyshidrotic dermatitis

A

Palms and plantars

42
Q

What is medical emergency eczema

A

Eczema herpeticum as can disseminate

43
Q

What causes eczema herpeticum

A

Normally HSV-1

44
Q

How are psoriasis lesions described

A

Purple silvery plaques
Dry and flaky
Itchy and painful

45
Q

What is distribution of psoriasis

A

Extensors and scalp

46
Q

Psoriasis nail changes

A

Onocholysis
Pitting
Subungual hyperkeratosis

47
Q

Triggers of psoriasis

A

Stress
Smoking
Alcohol

48
Q

What are subtypes of psoriasis

A 
Guttate
Flexural
Pustular
Erythodermic
Plaque- most common that is typically described
49
Q

How does guttate psoriasis appear

A

Rain drop plaques

50
Q

When do you get guttate plaques

A

2 weeks post strep

51
Q

Where do you get flexural plaques

A

Body folds- axilla, groin, perianal area

52
Q

What happens in pustular psoriasis

A

Plaques and pustules all over feet and hands

53
Q

What is the medical emergency of psoriasis

A

Erythodermic- end up on ITU most likely

54
Q

What happens in erythodermic psoriasis

A

Systemic body redness and inflammation

55
Q

What is danger of erythodermic psoriasis

A

Temperature dysregualtion

Electrolyte imbalances

56
Q

Bedside test for contact eczema

A

Skin patches on back

57
Q

What is blood test for atopic eczema

A

IgE RAST

58
Q

What is skin test for eczema

A

Skin prick- done on arm

59
Q

What bacteria most commonly causes cellulitis

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

60
Q

How do cellulitis and erysipelas lesions present

A 
Acute onset
Painful
Hot
Swollen
Red
61
Q

Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas in terms of site

A

Dermis and sub cut tissue affected in cellulitis

Epidermis is only affected in erysipelas

62
Q

Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas in terms of borders

A

Cellulitis much more patchy whereas erysipelas is well dermacated

63
Q

Sysetmic features of erysipelas and cellulitis

A

Systemic features more common in erysipelas- fevers and rigors

64
Q

What is sepsis more common in cellulitis or eysipelas

A

Cellulitis

65
Q

RFx for cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Wounds and uclers
Bites
IV cannula
Immunosuppressed

66
Q

Complications of cellulitis

A 
Abscess
SEPSIS
Necrotising fasciitis- surgical emergency
Periorbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
67
Q

Management of periorbital cellulitis

A

IV ABx

68
Q

Mangement of orbital cellulitis

A

IV ABx

Surgical decompression as vision can be affected

69
Q

Investigations for cellulitis and erysipelas

A 
Bedside
- skin swa MCS
Bloods
- FBC- high WCC
- CRP- high
- blood cultures
70
Q

When is only time would do imaging in cellulitis

A

Orbital cellulitis- CT/MRI

71
Q

Conservative management of cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Draw around lesion
Oral fluids and, painkillers
Monitor obs

72
Q

Medical management of cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Oral abx- flucloxacillin

IV abx- co-amoxiclav

73
Q

When is only time give IV abx cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Severe or near eyes

74
Q

Why would you admit a cellulitis or erysipelas patient

A

High HR
High RR
Low BP
GCS in bin

75
Q

What is erythema nodosum

A

Inflammation of erythema nodosum

76
Q

Causes of erythema nodosum

A 
Infections
- TB
- HIV
- Strep pyogenes
Systemic disease
- sarcoid
- behcets
- IBD
Drugs
- sulphonamides
Pregnancy
77
Q

Characteristics of erythema nodosum lesions

A

Bilateral
Tender
Red

78
Q

What is erythema multiforme

A

Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes- TIV hypersensitivity

79
Q

Causes of erythema multiforme

A

Herpes
Mycoplasma
HIV
Sulphonamides

80
Q

What is distribution of erythema multiforme

A

Start on hands then spread

81
Q

How does erythema multiforme appear

A

Target lesions with central vesicle
Ring of pallor
Ring of erythema

82
Q

Symptoms of erythema multiforme

A

Prodrome of fever and aches
Tender
Itchy
Painful

83
Q

What are target lesions with prodrome of fever and aches

A

Erythema multiforme

84
Q

Most common cause of erythema multiforme

A

HSV 1-2

85
Q

What are 2 types of erythema multiforme

A

EM minor- skin

EM- major- skin and mucosas

86
Q

Molluscum contagiosum lesion

A

Smooth papule
Umbilicated
Painless but itchy

87
Q

Risk factors for molloscum contagiosum

A

Immunocompromised

88
Q

Transmission of molloscum contagiosum

A

Swimming pools

Sex

89
Q

Investigations for erythema nodosum, multiforme and molloscum contagiosum

A

HIV

Test for underlying cause

90
Q

What is key risk factor for SqCC skin

A

Immunosuppression

year 3 conditions (33 decks)

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