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Natural Science > Gaseous Exhange > Flashcards

Gaseous Exhange Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does air move through into

A

The nasal cavity

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2
Q

What are the two kinds of cell lines that line the nasal cavity

A

Ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells

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3
Q

What are ciliated epithelial cells

A

They have tiny hairs called cilia that trap and remove dust and germs in the air that you breathe in

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4
Q

What does Goblet cells do

A

Make slimy liquid called mucus . The mucus keeps the surface of the nasal cavity moist and traps the dust and germs that you breathe in

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5
Q

What are the small blood vessels in the nasal cavity called

A

Capillaries that are close to the surface

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6
Q

What does the blood in the capillaries do

A

Warms the air as it passes through the nasal cavities.

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7
Q

What is the throats known as

A

The pharynx

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8
Q

Where is the pharynx situated

A

At the back of the nasal cavity

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9
Q

What system is the pharynx part of

A

The digestive system

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10
Q

What does the pharynx open into

A

The trachea and the oesophogus of the digestive system

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11
Q

Where is the larynx

A

At the top of the trachea

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12
Q

What opening does the larynx have

A

A glottis that opens into your trachea

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13
Q

What is covering the glottis and what does it do

A

The epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowing food or water, preventing food from going into the trachea

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14
Q

What are inside the larynx and what do they do

A

Two membranes called the vocal chords inside the larynx , they vibrate and make various sounds as the air is forced through them

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15
Q

What does the trachea lead Into

A

The lungs

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16
Q

What does the trachea have inside it

A

C shaped cartilage rings

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17
Q

What do the c shaped cartilage rings do

A

They keep the trachea open all the time so that air can pass through freely into and out of the lungs

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18
Q

What lines the trachea

A

Ciliated epithelial and goblet cells

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19
Q

What does the trachea branch into

A

Two bronchi

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20
Q

How are bronchi and the trachea the same

A

Similar in structure but the trachea are narrower

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21
Q

What does each bronchus lead into

A

A lung

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22
Q

What happens when a bronchus enters each lung

A

Branches into smaller tubes called the bronchioles

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23
Q

Bronchioles don’t have cartilage rings or ciliated epithelium

A

True

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24
Q

What does each bronchiole lead to

A

A bunch of small air sacs called the alveoli

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25
Q

What surrounds each alveolus

A

A network of blood capillaries

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26
Q

The alveolus has a very thin wall, what is it made up of

A

Made up of flattened cells called squamous epithelium

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27
Q

What are the things that make up a lung

A

The blood vessels, alveoli, bronchioles, and part of the bronchus make up a lung

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28
Q

How many membranes sound each lung , and what are they called

A

Pleural membranes

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29
Q

What is between the pleural membranes surround each lung, and what is its function

A

There is fluid between the two membranes to prevent friction when breathing in and out

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30
Q

What protects the lungs

A

The ribs as well as a muscle called the diaphragm.

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31
Q

Where is the diaphragm located

A

Below the lungs

32
Q

What is the process of breathing air into your lungs called

A

Inhalation

33
Q

What is exhalation

A

The process when air is breathed out of the lungs

34
Q

What happens during inhalation

A

The muscles of the diaghprgam contract and the diaghragm flattens
The intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribs outwards and upwards , increasing the volume in the chest . The pressure in the chest therefor descreaes causing air to be drawn in through the nose , down the trachea and into the lungs

35
Q

What happens during exhalation

A

The muscles of the diaphragm relax and the diaghrpam becomes more dome shaped , the intercostal muscles relax and the ribcage moves downwards and inwards. Both of these decrease the volume in the chest , therefor the pressure increases and this causes air to be pushed out of the lungs , up the trachea and out the nose

36
Q

Where does the air you breathe in go

A

Into the alveoli in your lungs

37
Q

What is the function of the alveoli

A

To allow gaseous exchange to take place

38
Q

Where does the oxygen from the air you inhale go

A

Moves by diffusion from the alveoli into the blood capillaries

39
Q

What does the carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood do

A

Diffuses from the capilliraries into the alveoli

40
Q

What is the disffusion of gas called and why

A

Gaseous exchange because the waste gas , Carbon dioxide in the lungs , is exchanged for the gas oxygen that us needed . Carbon dioxide in lungs is then breathed out

41
Q

What does the oxygen in the blood combine with

A

A pigment called haemoglobin in the erythrocytes

42
Q

Where is oxygen carried and by what

A

Oxygen is carried to all the cells of the body by the erythrocytes

43
Q

What do the erythrocytes not go into

A

The cells

44
Q

Where is oxygen released from and where does it difuse into

A

Oxygen is released from the haemoglobin and difuses from the blood capillaries into the cells where it is used for cellular respiration

45
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

A reaction that occurs in all cells

46
Q

What happens in cellular respiration

A

Oxygen is used to break down glucose (sugars) into carbon dioxide and water to provide energy for cells to use during metabolic processes

47
Q

What is glucose

A

Radiant energy from the sun is trapped in organic food during photosynthesis as chemical potential energy

48
Q

What is food

A

This energy is transferred from plants to herbivores and then to carnivores to be released from the food

49
Q

What is energy

A

The energy released is used by cells to do work , locomotion , excretion, reproduction, and body temperatures regulation

50
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur

A

In the mitochondrion

51
Q

Where do glucose and oxygen come from

A

Glucose comes from the food we eat and oxygen from the air we inhale

52
Q

What the does carbon dioxide that is produced during cellular respiration do

A

Difuses out of the cells into the blood capillaries, it is then transported by the blood to the alveoli , in the alveoli it is exchanged for more oxygen

53
Q

How many openings does the nose have, and what are they called

A

Two openings called the nostrils

54
Q

What happens during photynthesis

A

Sunlight , water and carbon dioxide combine which creates glucose and oxygen.

55
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in the leaf

A

In the chloroplast

56
Q

What gas is used , and what gas is produced from photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide is used for photosynthesis, however oxygen is the gas produced

57
Q

Where does respiration take place , and what gas is needed

A

The mitochondria of the leaf , oxygen is the gas used .

58
Q

How do gases get in an out of the leaf

A

Through the stomatal pores

59
Q

What do plants use up the oxygen they make during photosynthesis for

A

Cellular respiration

60
Q

Why do plants need to take in CO2

A

They need more carbon dioxide for photosynthesis than they make during cellular respiration

61
Q

How do gases move into and out of plants

A

By diffusion through the stamatal pores on leaves and young , green stems

62
Q

Why do plants move gas through diffusion

A

They don’t have a breathing system like human and animals

63
Q

Where do these gases in the plants difuse to and from

A

From areas where they are more concentrated to areas less concentrated

64
Q

What leaves the leaf in the night

A

Carbon dioxide

65
Q

What leaves the leaf in the day

A

Oxygen

66
Q

How do gases go through the leaf in the day and night

A

Through the stomata

67
Q

Why are plants important to humans

A 
Creates oxygen 
Produce food
Gets rid of waste products - co2 
Clothing 
Building
68
Q

What disease can smoking cause

A

Cancer of the lungs,mouth, larynx and heart disease

69
Q

What 4000 chemicals different chemicals are enhaled during smoking

A

Acetone, methanol, ammonia, arsenic, polonium

70
Q

What does smoking do to

A

Discolours teeth, breathe, hair, clothes smell

71
Q

What do cigarettes affect

A

Your lungs . Cigarette smoke contains many dangerous substances
Nictotine , tar, carbon monoxide

72
Q

Why is carbon monoxide bad for your lungs

A

Combines with haemoglobin in the blood. There is less haemoglobin to combine with oxygen. Less oxygen gets to the cells which means smokers are often short of breath

73
Q

Why is nicotine bad

A

Causes blood pressure and heart rate to increase , which leads to heart attacks. Nicotine is addictive. Can’t give it up as your body is addicted to the Nicotine

74
Q

Why is tar bad for you

A

Collects in the lining of the bronchi and bronchioles . Cells of the lining divide and grow thicker. To much mucus is produced and the cilia can’t work properly. Dust and germs can get into the lungs and kill the cells

75
Q

What happens when tar collects in the bronchioles

A

Bronchi and bronchioles become red and swollen , more mucus is produced . This extra mucus collects in the tubes and causes chronic bronchitis ( a person who coughs a lot) smokers cough

76
Q

What leads from smokers cough (chronic bronchitis)

A

Repeated coughing may lead to the breaking down of the delicate walls of the alveoli. These alveoli become larger and the surface area descreases so less oxygen can difuse in the blood. Become short of breath and it’s hard to breathe. Called emphysema with no cure

Natural Science (9 decks)

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