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Natural Science > Exology > Flashcards

Exology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an organism

A

Any form of life

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2
Q

What is a species

A

Individuals similar in appearance, behaviour and Chromosomes
Can breed with eachother to produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Population

A

All the individuals of the same species living in a particular place. Live close enough to breed together

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4
Q

What is community

A

Made up of all the populations of all the different species in a particular place

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

Unit in nature made up of living (biotic ) and non living (abiotic) things that interact with eachother

A number of communities together with their physical enviroment

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

The parts of the earth, where living organisms exist

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

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7
Q

What does ecology involve

A

The study of ecosystems , of relationships between organisms and their abiotic and biotic enviroment

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8
Q

Abiotic factors

A

The non living components of the enviroment

Soil, water,temp, sun

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9
Q

Biotic factors

A

The living organisms found in the enviroment

Plants, animals, micro oganjsms

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10
Q

Biomes

A

Biosphere is further divided into different aquatic and terrestrial biomes. Regions of the earth where specific types of plants and amimals are found , depending on the climate

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11
Q

Community

A

Consists of naturally occurring groups of organisms living together in the same area
Lions , impala , birds and thorn trees

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12
Q

Habitat

A

Physical place or enviroment organism lives in

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13
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms from the same species , that live in the same Area . That interbreed with eachother

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14
Q

Auto graphics / producers

A

Organisms that can produce their own food during photosynthesis.
Cacti, aloes , water lillies , fruit

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15
Q

Heretrophs / consumers

A

Organisms that can’t produce their own food, feed on plants and other animals
Zebra, leopereds, hawks and snakes

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16
Q

Food chain

A

Order in which organisms feed on eachother . Beginning with producer

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17
Q

Trophic levels

A

Feeding levels within a food chain

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18
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms which feed on both plants and animals

Humans , pigs and baboons

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19
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that feed on the remains of dead organisms

Hyenas, vultures, crayfish

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20
Q

Decomposers/ salhrotrophs of saprophytes

A

Organisms that break down dead organisms or their waste into nutrients in the soil for plant roots to use,
Fungi , bacteria

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21
Q

Parasites

A

Organisms both plants and animals that obtain their food from a living host
Tapeworm, flees,barnacles

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22
Q

Food webs

A

In reality organisms have various food sources , many organisms feed on the same things within an ecosystem

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23
Q

Competition

A

When more than one organism feeds on the same source in an ecosystem . It ensures a balance in the ecosystem
Plants compete for water , sun
Animals compete for food water space

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24
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition that exists between organisms of different species

25
Q

Intraspecifc competetion

A

Competetion that exists between organisms of the same species

26
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of living organisms in our natural world

Species, genetic , ecology

27
Q

Niche

A

The role of the organism in the community

Particular place organism does job

28
Q

What is a biome

A

And area of the earth that have similar species , comparable climates and consistent soil type

29
Q

What is the world divided up into

A

Areas called biomes

30
Q

What does each biome contain

A

Has its own set of environmental conditions and a unique set of plants and animals that live there

31
Q

What affects the distibution of species in an ecosystem

A

Rainfall, Tempreature, soil types and the types of plant and animal life found in these areas

32
Q

Why are conservation and preservation vital issues of biomes

A

They play a huge role in altering the biomes

33
Q

What is fynbos known as

A

Cape floral kingdom

34
Q

How is the cape floral kingdom different from the other 5 floral kingdoms

A

It is the smallest and richest floral kingdom

35
Q

What is fynbos nearest rival

A

South American forest

36
Q

What does endemic mean

A

Found nowhere else in the world

37
Q

What does it mean if things are endemic

A

They are threatened with extinction

38
Q

Why can fynbos support Herds of large mammals

A

The nutrient poor soil don’t provide enough nitrogen for the protein requirements of large mammals

39
Q

What small animals are found in fynbos

A

Chacma baboon, grysbok , Dessie’s and the striped mouse

40
Q

What birds does the fynbos biome support

A

Not large amounts of birds , Cape sugar bird and organebreasted sunbird

41
Q

Why are the little bird very important in fynbos

A

They play an important role in pollinating flowers including ericas and proteas from which they drink nectar

42
Q

What large numbers of butterfly does fynbos support

A

Myrmecophilous

43
Q

What is the worlds second rarest turtle , that lives in fynbos

A

Geometric tortoise

44
Q

How much percent of South Africa’s rare and threatened fynbos plants are found in fynbos

A

75 percent

45
Q

Name 3 threats of fynbos

A

Spread of alien plants like hakea, roiikrans, pine trees
Frequent fires in the wrong season
Commercial afforestation (development of housing estates and farms)

46
Q

What are solution to the threats of fynbos name 3

A

Promotion of public awareness of cape floral kingdom
Encouraging land owners to care for fynbos
Setting aside important areas of land as nature reserves or national parks

47
Q

What is something you can do to help fynbos

A

Join the botanical society of South Africa , and learn about fynbos ecology and how to grow indeignous plants

48
Q

What does ecology deal with

A

Things larger than cells, tissues , organs and organ systems
But smaller than the earth , planets , solar system

49
Q

Decribe the Savanah ecoregion

A

Open woodland, famous for big 5, understorey of grass , rainfall is mainly in summer, grass and shrubs

50
Q

Describe the grassland ecoregion

A

Sea level to over 2000 m, richness of species , different grassland types, rainfall is mainly in summer , duikers and small rodents , grass and wildflowers, perinnial rivers

51
Q

Describe the estuarine ecoregion

A

Where rivers meet sea , marine fish

52
Q

Describe the forest ecoregion

A

Smallest biome,giant trees, ferns and mosses, bush pig , bush buck, most threatened, summer rainfall

53
Q

Thicket ecoregion

A

Sparse to dense, evergreen shrubs, some trees , huge variety of woody plant species , low wind

54
Q

Describe the marine ecoregion

A

Deep ocean , shallow subtidal , rocky shores , sandy beaches, coastal dunes

55
Q

Describe the fynbos ecoregion

A 
Cool wet winters, hot dry summers 
Proteas, ericas, restios 
Grysbok, Cape sugar bird, protea seed eater 
Leopards, baboons , eagles, porcupines 
Frequent winds
Nutrient poor soil
56
Q

Freshwater ecoregion

A

Rivers, streams , wetlands,

Natural sponges for water storage and purification

57
Q

Succulent Karoo ecoregion

A

Annual flower display , succulent plant species , rainfall is winter, warm temp all year round,

58
Q

Nama Karoo ecoregion

A

Namaland area of Namibia , Karoo reg of SA , semi dessert, low rainfall, cold winter, small shrubs and grasses, succulent species (retain water, no water in desert)

Natural Science (9 decks)

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