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Natural Science > Drawing skills, angio, variables, scientific method, classification of living > Flashcards

Drawing skills, angio, variables, scientific method, classification of living Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cotyledon

A

An embryonic leaf/ seed that is a structure of stored energy

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2
Q

What is a monocot

A

A plant with one cotyledon in its seed

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3
Q

What does the angiosperm seed contain

A

The young plant embryo and stored nutrients

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4
Q

Where is the food of a plant stored

A

Within cotyledon or endosperm

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5
Q

Give the order of seed germination

A
  1. The radicle emerges first and grows downwards into soil
  2. The plumule is next to emerge developing into stem and leaves
  3. The shoot tip needs to be protected until above ground level
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6
Q

What happens in monocots for seed germination

A

A protective sheath (coloptile) leads the plumule through the soil

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7
Q

What happens in dicots for seed germination

A

The cotyledons are pulled above ground level before shoot tip emerges

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8
Q

Explain the seeds of flowers

A

Dicots - 2 cotyledons

Monocots - 1 cotyledon

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9
Q

Explain the roots of flowers

A

Dicots - taproot system

Monocots - fibrous root system

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10
Q

Explain the stems of flowers

A

Dicot - woody , herbaceous

Monocot - herbaceous (green)

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11
Q

Explain the leaves of flowers

A

Dicots - netlike veins

Monocots - parallel veins

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12
Q

Explain the flower parts of a flower

A

Dicot - multiples in 4 or 5

Monocots - multiples of 3

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13
Q

Why are roots seperated into different regions

A

Each regions has different types of plant tissue to perform specific functions

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14
Q

Explain the mature region of a root

A

Root grows wider and may produce secondary roots .
Secondary roots anchor plant securely in soil
Each secondary root has same structure as main root

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15
Q

Explain the root hair region of a root

A

Many very thin hairs grow out of the epidermis of the root .
Individual hair only lives few days before soil rubs it off
Constantly replaced by eoidermal cells of this region

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16
Q

Explain the region of elongation In a root

A

Cells formed in this region grow longer

Root grows longer and pushes the tip through the soil

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17
Q

Explain the meristematic region

A

Cells constantly divide to produce new cells

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18
Q

Explain the root cap region of a plant

A

Smooth and slippery
Covers tips of all roots
Protects meristem from injury
Helps protect root tip to slide through soil easier
Cells rubbed of by soil and replaced by cells from meristem

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19
Q

What do root hairs grow around

A

The soil grains

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20
Q

What do root hairs actually do

A

Absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil

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21
Q

Explain the epidermis of the root

A

Main function is to protect underlying tissue
Outer layer of cells
If increased surface area , area of absorption increases
Protects inner tissues of root from damage and bacteria

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22
Q

Why do roots not have a waxy cuticle

A

Waxy cuticle prevents water loss , roots absorb water

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23
Q

Why do we have modified roots

A

Some plants have roots that are modified to perform addictions functions to the plant

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24
Q

Explain roots

A

Largest organ of the plant

Root systems are as large as or larger then above ground parts of plant

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25
Q

What are the functions of a root

A

Securely anchor plants in soil
Absorb water and minerals from soil
Storage of food

26
Q

What are the different root systems

A

Taproot and fibrous root system

27
Q

Explain tap root system

A 
One main (primary) root with smaller (secondary/lateral) roots branching away for it 
Dicot
28
Q

Explain fibrous root systems

A 
Several roots (fibrous/adventitious) of the same size developing from the base of the stem 
Monocot
29
Q

Explain the stem

A

Grow above soil towards sun
Leaves , flowers grow from stem
Require supporting tissue
Exposed to strong winds which bend them

30
Q

What are the functions of the stems

A

Support leaves and reproductive structures
Provide internal transport of substances
Produce new living tissue

31
Q

What does a stomata do

A

Little paws for water loss

32
Q

What is a xylem

A

Transports water

33
Q

What is a phloelem

A

Transports food

34
Q

What is a apical bud

A

At the tip of a stem

35
Q

What is a node

A

Point at which leaf attaches to stem

36
Q

What is the internode

A

Space between 2 nodes / leaves

37
Q

What is the axil

A

The angle between leaf and stem

38
Q

What is auxiliary bud

A

Bud growing from axil (gives rise to lateral branches)

39
Q

What is the leaf scar

A

Where leaves were attached or where branches broken off

40
Q

What are the lenticles

A

Small , slightly raised pores

41
Q

What is the sheath

A

Part of leaf that folds around the stem

42
Q

What are modified stems

A

Like roots , some plants have modified stems to perform additional functions

43
Q

Explain the leaf

A 
Limited growth 
Stops growing , mature , functions then falls of stem 
Many shapes and sizes 
Major photosynthetic organ 
Large surface area
Positioned to receive max sun
44
Q

Explain photosynthesis

A

All life on earth depends on photosynthetic ability of plants

45
Q

What is the process of photosynthesis

A

Production of glucose and oxygen , from the reaction of water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll

46
Q

What is the functions of s leaf

A

Photosynthesis ( main)
Gaseous exchange
Transpiration (water loss)
Protection

47
Q

What are the two types of leaves and how are they classified

A

Simple leaves and compound leaves , classified by looking at the Lamina (lead blade)

48
Q

Explain a simple leaf

A

Lamina consists of one piece

Monocots and dicots

49
Q

Explain a compound leaf

A

Lamina made of many leaflets from one petiole

Just Dicot

50
Q

Name The external features of a leaf

A

Lamina / leaf blade , margin , Alex , veins , petiole / leaf stalk

51
Q

Explain a Lamina / leaf blade

A

Thin , soft , flexible , flat , large surface area allows max absorption

52
Q

Explain a margin of a leaf

A

Edge of Lamina

Smooth or rough

53
Q

Explain a apex of a leaf

A

The tip of Lamina

54
Q

Explain the veins of a leaf

A

Contain vascular bundles to transport food / water
Provide support for leaf
Main vein is midrib

55
Q

Explain the petiole/ lead stalk of a leaf

A

Connects leaf to stem
Holds leaf in best position for sun
In monocots no distinct petiole instead has sheath that wraps sound stem (sessile leaf)

56
Q

Explain a stomata

A

Singular is stoma
Majority found in lower epidermis of leaf
Pierced by tiny air pores
Allows gaseous exchange
Opening and closing of stomata controls movement of co2 and o2 between the leaf and outside environment

57
Q

What is released during photosynthesis

A

Oxygen

58
Q

When are stomata usually closed and why

A

At night , when no photosynthesis takes place because of no sun

59
Q

What do stomata do during the process of transpiration

A

Allow release of water vapor

60
Q

What does Dorsi- ventral mean

A

A leaf with distinct upper and lower surfaces ( different from eachother)
Monocot

61
Q

Explain iso-bilateral

A

Both upper and lower surfaces of leaf are identical

Dicot plants

62
Q

What is the main function of green leaves

A

Photosynthesis

Natural Science (9 decks)

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