Gallbladder, Pancreas and Spleen

Question 0

What three parts can the gallbladder be divided into?

Answer 0

Fundus
Body
Neck

Question 1

Where is the gall bladder?

Answer 1

Peritoneal
Right hypochondriac region
Between right and quadrate lobes of the liver on inferior aspect

Question 2

Where in the gallbladder neck is a common location for gallstones to get stuck?

Answer 2

Hartmann’s pouch - a mucosal fold

Question 3

What is the ampulla of vater?

Answer 3

Where the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct

Question 4

What is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 4

Where the pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum

Question 5

What regulates the opening of the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 5

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 6

Arterial supply of the gall bladder?

Answer 6

Coeliac trunk - hepatic artery proper - cystic artery

Question 7

Venous drainage of the gall bladder?

Answer 7

Cystic vein into the portal vein

Question 8

Innervation of the gall bladder?

Answer 8

Sympathetic and sensory - celiac plexus

Parasympathetic - vagus nerve

Question 9

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system causes the gall bladder to contract?

Answer 9

Parasympathetic

Question 10

Is the pancreas peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 10

Retroperitoneal except for the tail

Question 11

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 11

In the epigastrium and left hypochondrium regions

Question 12

What are the sections of the pancreas called?

Answer 12

Head - fits in curve of duodenum
Uncinate process - projection arising from lower part of the head
Neck - over lies superior mesenteric vessels
Body - crosses midline of human body, behind the stomach
Tail - near hilum of spleen

Question 13

What is the tail of the pancreas contained in?

Answer 13

The splenorenal ligament along with splenic vessels

Question 14

Structure of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 14

Exocrine compartment is a serous gland
Made up of berry-like cells - acini
Connected by intercalated ducts 
These drain into interlobular ducts
Into the pancreatic duct which runs the length of the pancreas

Question 15

Arterial supply of pancreas?

Answer 15

Pancreatic branches of splenic artery

Head supplied by:

• gastroduodenal - superior pancreatic duodenal artery
• SMA - inferior pancreatic duodenal artery

Question 16

Venous drainage of the pancreas?

Answer 16

Body and neck drain into the splenic vein

Head drains into superior mesenteric vein and portal vein

Question 17

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 17

Upper left quadrant
Left hypochondrium
Rests on left colic flexure

Question 18

What is the spleen covered in?

Answer 18

Visceral peritoneum

Except for at the splenic hilum

Question 19

What enters and leaves the spleen at the splenic hilum?

Answer 19

Splenic branches of splenic artery and vein

Question 20

What is anterior, posterior and medial to the spleen

Answer 20

Anterior - stomach and gastrosplenic ligament
Posterior - left part of diaphragm
Medial - left kidney and splenorenal ligament

Question 21

Arterial supply of the spleen?

Answer 21

Splenic artery

Question 22

Describe the route of the splenic artery

Answer 22

Tortuous route
Posterior to omental bursa, anteriorly to left kidney, along superior border of pancreas
Between layers of splenorenal ligament, divides into 5 or more branches which enter the hilum, supplying different vascular segments

Question 23

Venous drainage of the spleen?

Answer 23

Splenic vein

Question 24

Describe journey of the splenic vein

Answer 24

Formed by several tributaries that emerge from the hilum
Joined by inferior mesenteric vein
Runs posteriorly to body and rail of pancreas through most of its course
Unites with SMV posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the hepatic portal vein