Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

0
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

A

Skin Superficial fascia/subcutaneous fascia Muscles and associated fascia Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Functions of the abdominal wall?

A

Firm flexible wall to keep abdominal viscera in the abdominal cavity Protect abdominal viscera from injury Maintain anatomical position of viscera against gravity Assist in forceful expiration by pushing viscera upwards Involved in any action (eg vomiting, coughing) that increases intra-abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Composition of subcutaneous tissue above the umbilicus?

A

Single sheet of connective tissue continuous with superficial fascia in other regions of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Composition of subcutaneous tissue below the umbilicus?

A

Two layers -fatty superficial layer -membranous deep layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epithelium of the peritoneum?

A

Simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What separates the parietal peritoneum from muscular layers of the abdominal wall?

A

Extra peritoneal connective tissue Can contain lots of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is sensitive to pain?

A

Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is only sensitive to stretching and chemical irritation?

A

Visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Just a small amount of lubricating liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what vertebral level is the umbilicus?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What and where is the epigastric fossa?

A

A slight depression in the epigastric region Inferior to xiphoid process Heartburn is commonly felt here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What and where is the linea alba?

A

Aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles Separates left and right rectus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical relevance of linea alba?

A

If linea albas is lax, when rectus abdominis contracts, muscles spread apart and get divarication of the recti Often seen in pregnancies as it gets weakened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the inguinal groove? What does it mark?

A

Skin crease just inferior to the inguinal ligament Marks division of abdominal wall and thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the semilunar lines?

A

Slight curved, tendinous line on either side of the rectus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the proper term for what you see in a six pack?

A

Tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the arcuate/Douglas’s line?

A

Where the posterior layer of the rectus sheath stops and just have the anterior layer.

17
Q

Boundaries of the abdominal wall?

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 and xiphoid process of sternum, to the superior margins of anterolateral pelvic girdle

18
Q

What type of incision is this?

A

Median incision

Can be continued to curve around the umbilicus

19
Q

Why is a median incision good?

A

Cut into linea alba - limited blood loss because it is poorly vascularised

Major nerves avoided

Can be used in any procedure that requires access to abdominal cavity

20
Q

What type of incision is shown here? Why is it useful?

A

Paramedian incision

Provides access to more lateral structures such as kidneys, spleen, adrenals

21
Q

Disadvantage of paramedian incision?

A

Ligates blood supply to muscles median to incision - atrophy

22
Q

What type of incision is shown here? Advantages?

A

Causes least damage to nerve supply and abdominal muscles

Heals well

23
Q

Name this incision. Advantages?

A

Suprapubic incision

Used when access to pelvic organs is needed

24
Q

Disadvantage of a suprapubic incision?

A

Can perforate the badder because the fascia thins around the bladder area

25
Q

Name this incision. Advantages?

A

Gridiron incision - done at McBurney’s point

Can split the muscle fibres without cutting them and allows for excellent healing

26
Q

How is a gridiron incision done and where?

A

Two perpendicular lines which split the muscle fibres

Performed at McBurney’s point which is 1/3 of the distance between ASIS and umbilicus

27
Q

What are primarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs which have developed and remained outside of the parietal peritoneum

28
Q

Examples of primarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Oesophagus

Rectum

Kidneys

29
Q

What are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs which were initially peritoneal, suspended by mesentery. During embryogensis, they became retroperitoneal. Their mesentery fuses with the posterior abdominal wall.

30
Q

Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Ascending and descending colon

31
Q

Name the retroperitoneal organs

A

Suprarenal glands

Aorta

Duodenum (except cap)

Pancreas

Ureters

Colon

Kidneys

Esophagus

Rectum

32
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum. Connects an intraperitoneal organ to abdominal wall.

Provides a pathway for lymphatics, vessels and nerves from the body wall to the viscera

33
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are in the greater omentum?

A

4

34
Q

Where does the greater omentum go from and to?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach to proximal part of duodenum. Then folds back up and attaches to anterior surface of transverse colon.

35
Q

Where does the lesser omentum go from and to?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

36
Q

Name the two parts of the lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

37
Q

What are peritoneal ligaments made of?

A

Double folds of peritoneum

Connect viscera together or to abdominal wall

38
Q

Name the ligaments which connect the liver to other things and what they connect it to

A

Falciform ligament - anterior abdominal wall

Hepatogastric ligament - stomach

Hepatoduodenal ligament - duodenum

39
Q

Name the ligaments of the stomach and where they connect it to

A

Hepatogastric

Gastrophrenic ligament - diaphragm

Gastrosplenic ligament - spleen

Gastrocolic (greater omentum) - transverse colon

GI (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions