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ARDMS > gallbladder > Flashcards

gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

most common location of gallstones

A

fundus

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2
Q

gallstones is aka

A

cholelithiasis

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3
Q

Most common gb variant

A

phrygian cap

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4
Q

Floating gb is rare but can cause

A

Gb torsion, gb Volvulus

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5
Q

Blood supply to the gb is via

A

Cystic artery

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6
Q

Hormone that makes gb contract

A

Cholecystokinin

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7
Q

Bile flows the the gb via the

A

Cystic duct into cbd

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8
Q

To find the gb, scan at the level of the

A

Main lobar fissure & rt portal vein

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9
Q

Normal gb wall measures less than

A

3 mm

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10
Q

Labs that benefit to determine evidence of gb and bile duct disease

A

ALT, AFP, & bilirubin

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11
Q

Folds within the cystic duct

A

Spiral valves of heister

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12
Q

Gb completely filled with stones

A

Wes sign

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13
Q

What can differentiate between gallstone and polyp

A

Twinkle sign

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14
Q

Another name for sludge

A

Viscid bile

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15
Q

Thick and can mimic an intraluminal gb mass

A

Tumefactive sludge

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16
Q

Term for when the gb isoechoic to liver from completely filled with tumefactive sludge

A

Hepatization of gb

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17
Q

Cholelithiasis is made out of

A

Cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate

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18
Q

Pediatric patients are at risk for gallstones if they have

A

Hemolytic anemia, sickle cell disease, and chrones disease

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19
Q

Gallstones can be asymptomatic but other symptoms can include

A

Abd pain after fatty meals , nausea/vomiting, and pain radiating to shoulders

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20
Q

Projection of a tissue from the gb wall that protrudes into the lumen of the gallbladder

A

Gallbladder polyp

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21
Q

The most common types of gallbladder polyps are

A

Cholesterol polyps

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22
Q

The ball on the wall sign indicates

A

Gallbladder polyp

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23
Q

A rapidly growing polyp or large polyp is worrisome for

A

Gallbladder carcinoma

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24
Q

True or false gallbladder polyps are benign non-mobile and non-shadowing

A

True

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25
Q

Gallbladder polyps are often seen with

A

Cholesterolosis

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26
Q

Cholesterolosis is considered a subset of

A

Hyperplastic cholecystosis

27
Q

A group of proliferative and degenerative gallbladder disorders

A

Hyperplastic cholecystosis

28
Q

Hyperplastic cholecystosis includes

A

Adenomyomatosis and Cholesterolosis

29
Q

The dissemination of glands within the muscle

A

Adenomyomatosis

30
Q

This artifact is associated with Adenomyomatosis

A

Comet tail artifact

31
Q

The sudden onset of gallbladder inflammation is referred to as

A

Acute cholecystitis

32
Q

The most common cause of acute cholecystitis is a

A

Gallstone that has become lodged in cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder

33
Q

Another name for acute cholecystitis

A

Leukocystosis

34
Q

Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with transducer pressure when the gallbladder is inflamed

A

Murphy sign

35
Q

The presence of what is a strong indicator of acute cholecystitis

A

Gallstones and a positive Murphy sign

36
Q

Caused by gas, forming infection and invading the gallbladder lumen or both

A

Emphysematous cholecystitis

37
Q

The champagne sign is an indication of

A

Emphysematous cholecystitis

38
Q

Intermittent obstruction of cystic duct by gallstones

A

Chronic cholecystitis

39
Q

All of the symptoms and findings of cholecystitis, except there are no gallstones

A

A calculus cholecystitis

40
Q

Normal gallbladder measurement

A

8 to 10 cm in length and 4 to5 cm and width

41
Q

Enlarged gallbladder Can be caused by blockage of the cystic duct. This may be referred to as.

A

Hydropic gallbladder

42
Q

Hydropic gallbladder is also known as

A

Mucocele of gb

43
Q

Enlarged palpable gallbladder caused by a pancreatic kid mass

A

Courvoisier gb

44
Q

Courvoisier gb pts usually have

A

Painless jaundice

45
Q

Gallbladder, hydrops, and older infants and children may be associated with

A

Kawasaki disease

46
Q

Calcification of the gallbladder wall

A

Porcelain gallbladder

47
Q

To differentiate the wes versus a porcelain gallbladder, the

A

The posterior wall will often be seen with porcelain gallbladder

48
Q

What is caused by chronic irritation of the gallbladder wall by gallstones?

A

Gallbladder carcinoma

49
Q

Gallbladder carcinoma may appear sonographical as a

A

Non-mobile hypoechoic mass

50
Q

The most common metastatic disease of a gallbladder is

A

Malignant melanoma

51
Q

Cbd diameter abnormal

A

> 6 mm, 0.6 cm

52
Q

Elevated labs for biliary obstruction

A

ALT , ALP , GGT , urobilirubin

53
Q

This sign describes the enlargement of the CBD adjacent to MPV

A

Shot gun sign, parallel tube sign

54
Q

The most common level for an obstruction to occur is the

A

Distal Cbd

55
Q

The presence of gallstones within the bile duct is called

A

Choledocholithiasis

56
Q

Clinical condition when a patient presents jaundice, pain, and fever because of a stone lodged in a cystic duct with compression of the Cbd

A

Mirizzi syndrome

57
Q

Inflammation of the biliary Ducts which is over 5 mm

A

Choleangitis

58
Q

Air within the biliary tree

A

Pneumobilia

59
Q

Echogenic liner structures seen within ducts

A

Pneumobilia

60
Q

Primary biliary tree cancer

A

Choleangiocarcinoma

61
Q

Most common manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma

A

Klatskin tumors

62
Q

Klatskin tumors are located

A

At the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

ARDMS (3 decks)

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