Gait Cycle Flashcards
Gait cycle
The time from heel strike to the next ipsilateral heel strike
Stance
Entire period the limb is in contact with the ground
Swing
Begins when the foot comes off the ground
Sub-phases of the Gait cycle
Stance (62%) and Swing (38%)
Stance phase includes
Initial contact (IC)
Loading response (LR)
Midstance (MSt)
Terminal stance (TSt)
Pre-swing (PSw)
Swing phase includes
Initial swing (ISw)
Mid swing (MSw)
Terminal swing (TSw)
Functional tasks of the gait cycle
- Weight acceptance
- Single Limb Support
- Swing Limb Advancement
Weight acceptance
-Period when weight is rapidly loaded onto an outstretched limb
-Impact of the floor-reaction force is absorbed and the body continues in a forward path while stability is maintained
-Both feet in contact with the ground
-Include IC and LR
Single limb support
-Period when the body progresses over a single, stable limb
-Weight is transferred onto the metatarsal heads and the heel comes off the ground
-Includes MSt and TSt
Swing limb advancement
-When the limb is unloaded and the foot comes off the ground
-Limb is moved from behind the body to in front of the body, reaching out to take in the next step
-Includes PSw, ISw, MSw, and TSw
Initial contact (IC)
The moment when the foot contacts the ground
IC Key aspects and Critical events
-Heel strike (first contact)
-Hip F 20, Knee F 5, Ankle 0
Loading response (LR)
Weight is rapidly transferred onto the outstretched limb, the first period of double-limb support
LR Key aspects and Critical events
-Heel rocker
-Peak glute max activity
-Peak tib ant activity
-Peak quad activity
-Hip F 20, Knee F 15, Ankle PF 5
-Hip stability, controlled knee flexion and ankle PF
Midstance (MSt)
The body progresses over a single, stable limb
MSt Key aspects and Critical events
-Ankle rocker
-Controlled tibial advancement
-Hip 0, Knee F 5, Ankle DF 5
Terminal stance (TSt)
Progression over the stance limb continues. Body moves ahead of the limb and weight is transferred onto the forefoot
TSt Key aspects and Critical events
-Forefoot rocker
-Requires 10° DF
-20° hip hyper-extension
-Peak PF activity
-Controlled ankle DF w/heel rise; trailing limb
-Hip HyperExt 20, Knee F 5, Ankle DF 10
Pre-swing (PSw)
A rapid unloading of the limb occurs as weight is transferred to the CL limb, the second period of double limb support
PSw Key aspects and Critical events
-Requires 60° first MTP extension
-Requires 15° PF
-Passive knee flexion to 40; ankle PF
-Hip HyperExt 10, Knee F 40, Ankle PF 15
Initial swing (ISw)
The thigh begins to advance as the foot comes up off the floor
ISw Key aspects and Critical events
-Rapid knee flexion to 60°
-Peak hip flexor activity
-Hip flexion to 15; knee flexion to 60
-Hip F 10, Knee F 60, Ankle PF 5
Midswing (MSw)
The thigh continues to advance as the knee begins to extend; the foot clears the ground
MSw Key aspects and Critical events
-25° thigh (hip) flexion
-Further hip flexion to 25 and DF to 0
-Hip F 25, Knee F 25, Ankle 0
Terminal swing (TSw)
The knee extends; limb prepares to contact the ground for IC
TSw Key aspects and Critical events
-Peak hamstring activity
-Knee extension to neutral (~5 F)
-Hip F 20, Knee F 5, Ankle 0
