Gait Cycle

Question 1

Gait cycle

Answer 1

The time from heel strike to the next ipsilateral heel strike

Question 2

Stance

Answer 2

Entire period the limb is in contact with the ground

Question 3

Swing

Answer 3

Begins when the foot comes off the ground

Question 4

Sub-phases of the Gait cycle

Answer 4

Stance (62%) and Swing (38%)

Question 5

Stance phase includes

Answer 5

Initial contact (IC)
Loading response (LR)
Midstance (MSt)
Terminal stance (TSt)
Pre-swing (PSw)

Question 6

Swing phase includes

Answer 6

Initial swing (ISw)
Mid swing (MSw)
Terminal swing (TSw)

Question 7

Functional tasks of the gait cycle

Answer 7

1. Weight acceptance
2. Single Limb Support
3. Swing Limb Advancement

Question 8

Weight acceptance

Answer 8

-Period when weight is rapidly loaded onto an outstretched limb

-Impact of the floor-reaction force is absorbed and the body continues in a forward path while stability is maintained

-Both feet in contact with the ground

-Include IC and LR

Question 9

Single limb support

Answer 9

-Period when the body progresses over a single, stable limb

-Weight is transferred onto the metatarsal heads and the heel comes off the ground

-Includes MSt and TSt

Question 10

Swing limb advancement

Answer 10

-When the limb is unloaded and the foot comes off the ground
-Limb is moved from behind the body to in front of the body, reaching out to take in the next step

-Includes PSw, ISw, MSw, and TSw

Question 11

Initial contact (IC)

Answer 11

The moment when the foot contacts the ground

Question 12

IC Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 12

-Heel strike (first contact)
-Hip F 20, Knee F 5, Ankle 0

Question 13

Loading response (LR)

Answer 13

Weight is rapidly transferred onto the outstretched limb, the first period of double-limb support

Question 14

LR Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 14

-Heel rocker
-Peak glute max activity
-Peak tib ant activity
-Peak quad activity
-Hip F 20, Knee F 15, Ankle PF 5
-Hip stability, controlled knee flexion and ankle PF

Question 15

Midstance (MSt)

Answer 15

The body progresses over a single, stable limb

Question 16

MSt Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 16

-Ankle rocker
-Controlled tibial advancement
-Hip 0, Knee F 5, Ankle DF 5

Question 17

Terminal stance (TSt)

Answer 17

Progression over the stance limb continues. Body moves ahead of the limb and weight is transferred onto the forefoot

Question 18

TSt Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 18

-Forefoot rocker
-Requires 10° DF​
-20° hip hyper-extension​
-Peak PF activity
-Controlled ankle DF w/heel rise; trailing limb
-Hip HyperExt 20, Knee F 5, Ankle DF 10

Question 19

Pre-swing (PSw)

Answer 19

A rapid unloading of the limb occurs as weight is transferred to the CL limb, the second period of double limb support

Question 20

PSw Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 20

-Requires 60° first MTP extension​
-Requires 15° PF
-Passive knee flexion to 40; ankle PF
-Hip HyperExt 10, Knee F 40, Ankle PF 15

Question 21

Initial swing (ISw)

Answer 21

The thigh begins to advance as the foot comes up off the floor

Question 22

ISw Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 22

-Rapid knee flexion to 60°​
-Peak hip flexor activity
-Hip flexion to 15; knee flexion to 60
-Hip F 10, Knee F 60, Ankle PF 5

Question 23

Midswing (MSw)

Answer 23

The thigh continues to advance as the knee begins to extend; the foot clears the ground

Question 24

MSw Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 24

-25° thigh (hip) flexion
-Further hip flexion to 25 and DF to 0
-Hip F 25, Knee F 25, Ankle 0

Question 25

Terminal swing (TSw)

Answer 25

The knee extends; limb prepares to contact the ground for IC

Question 26

TSw Key aspects and Critical events

Answer 26

-Peak hamstring activity
-Knee extension to neutral (~5 F)
-Hip F 20, Knee F 5, Ankle 0