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Gross Anatomy > GA2 Exam 1 - USAHS > Flashcards

GA2 Exam 1 - USAHS Flashcards

1
Q
  • What Bones make up the Pelivs?
  • What are the 3 articular surfaces?
A
  • Ilium
    Ischium
    Pubis
  • Acetabulum
    Auricular Surace
    Symphyseal Surface
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2
Q
  • What Bones Make up the Pelvic Girdle?
  • What are the Functions of the Pelvic Girdle?
A
  • Os Coxa (ilium , ishium, pubis) + Saccrum with coccyx
  • Functions include:
    -bearing weight of the upper body
    -distribute forces from the lower body
    -attatchment site for muscles of lower extremity needed for locomotion
    -Protection of the pelvic viscera
    -attatchment site for pelvic floor muscles
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3
Q
  • What are the articulations associated with the pelvic girdle?
A
  • Lumbosacral : a joint of axial skeleton
  • Sacroiliac: Link between the appendicular and axial skeleton and is a synovial joint anteriorly, auricular surface of the ilium and auricular surface of the sacrum, has minimal movement
  • Sacro-Coccygeal: where sacrum and coccyx meet
  • Pubis Symphysis: Cartilagenous joint, medial surface of the pubic bones, seperated by inter-pubic disc
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4
Q

How many articulations create the lumbosacral joint?

A
  • Intervertebral Joint between L5 and Sacrum
  • 2 Zygopophyseal joints
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5
Q

What motions occur at the lumbosacral joints?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral Flexion
  • Rotation
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6
Q

What Ligaments Stabilize the sacroiliac joint and what are their functions?

A
  • Anterior Sacral-iliac: Permits little sliding , tiliting and rotation , attach sacrum to ilium , helpssuspension of sacrum on ilium
  • Posterior Sacral-Iliac :Permits little sliding , tiliting and rotation , attach sacrum to ilium , helpssuspension of sacrum on ilium
  • Interosseous Sacral-Iliac:Permits little sliding , tiliting and rotation , attach sacrum to ilium , helpssuspension of sacrum on ilium
  • Sacrotuberous ligament: Prevent excessive rotation of sacrum on the ilium
  • Sacrospinous Ligament:Prevent excessive rotation of sacrum on the ilium
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6
Q

What are ligaments of the lumbosacral joints and what are their functions?

A
  • Iliolumbar Ligament: mainly for stabilization , transverse process of L5(4) to the ilium
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament : Limits excessive extension
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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the pubic symphysis and their function?

A
  • Superior Pubic Ligament
  • Inferior Pubic Ligament
    These both join the right and left pelvis and acts like a strut to dissipate forces through the pelvic rim
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8
Q

What articulations make up the hip joint?
What is its classfication?
What motions occur at this joint?

A
  • Acetabularfemoral Joint (coxafemoral joint) (acetabulum and femoral head)
  • Synovial joint , ball + socket
  • Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medail rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction
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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip and what are their functions?

A
  • Iliofemoral: hyperextension and lateral rotation (both bands) abduction (inferior band) , adduction (superior band)
  • Ischiofemoral: Hyperextension, flexion (posterior inferior capsule) , medial rotation
  • Pubofemoral: Hyperextension , abduction , lateral rotation
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10
Q

A tear to the iliofemoral ligament will affect which part of the joint capsule?

A
  • Anteriorly + Superior and Anterior + Lateral
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11
Q

What are the boarders of the gluteal region?

A
  • Superior: iliac crest
  • Medially: midline of the body, intergluteal cleft
  • Laterally: posterior margin of the greater trochanter
  • Inferiorlly : Gluteal Fold
  • Anteriorly: innominate (body pelvis)
  • Posteriorly: skin
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12
Q

Gluteal muscle functions during ambulation:

A
  • Glute med/min stabilize the pelvis in a unilateral stance , important in advancement of the limb
  • Fibers from the glue med/min may fall lateral or medial to axis of rotation / anterior fibers produce medial rotation of stance limb
  • posterior fibers produce lateral rotation of the advancing limb
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13
Q

What are the abductors and medial rotators of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimis
TFL

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14
Q

What are the extensors of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus Maximus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Long head of Biceps femoris
Adductor magnus , hamstring part

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15
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Obturator Externus
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemelli (superior and inferior)
Quadratus Femoris
Gluteus Maximus

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16
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A

Pectineus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Obturator Externus
Gracillis

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17
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas (major, minor, iliacus)
Sartorius
TFL
Rectus Femoris
Pectineus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor magnus, adductor part
Gracillis

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18
Q

What are the bursae of the hip andwhat structures are they associated with?

A
  • Trochanteric: between gluteus maximus and greater trochanter
  • Gluteofemoral: gluteus maximus and the vastus lateralis
  • Ischial: gluteus maximus and the ischial tuberosity
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19
Q

What nerve roots make up the sacral plexus?
What are the terminal Nerves?

A
  • Lumbosacral trunk: L4 and L5 anterior rami
  • Lumbosacral trunk unite with the anterior rami of S1-S4
  • Sciatic
  • superior and inferior gluteal
  • nerve to piriformis
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
  • nerve to obturator internus
  • pudendal
  • nerve to levator ani and coccygeus
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20
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve
Motor? Sensory?

A
  • Superior Gluteal Nerve: L4-S1
  • Motor : Glute medius, minimus , TFL
  • Sensory: SI JT and Hip Joint
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21
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve?
Motor ? Sensory?

A
  • Inferior Gluteal Nerve L5-S2
  • Motor: Gluteus Maximus
  • Sensory: None
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22
Q

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris?
Motor? Sensory?

A
  • Nerve to Quadratus Femoris L4-S1
  • Motor: Quadratus femoris , inferior gemellus
  • Sensory: Hip Joint
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23
Q

Nerve to Obturator Internus?
Motor? Sensory?

A

Obturator Internus L5-S2
Motor: Obturator internus, superior gemellus
Sensory: None

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24
Q

Nerve to Piriformis?
Motor? Sensory?

A

Nerve to Pirformis S2-S3
Motor: Piriformis
Sensory: None

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25
Q

What are the clunial nerves and what do they supply?

A
  • Superior Clunial Nerve = Posterior Rami L1-L3 , skin over the superior and central buttock
  • Middle Clunial Nerve= Posterior Rami S1-S3, skin to the medial buttock and gluteal cleft
  • Inferior Clunial = Anterior Rami S2-S3, supplies skin to inferior gluteal region, is a branch off of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
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26
Q

What is the pathway to get to the following from abdominal aorta?:
Superior Gluteal
Inferior Gluteal
Internal Pudendal
Obturator

A
  • Superior Gluteal: abdominal aorta, common iliac, internal iliac, superior gluteal
  • Inferior Gluteal : abdominal aorta, common iliac, internal iliac, inferior gluteal
  • Internal Pudendal: abdominal aorta, common iliac, internal iliac , internal pudendal
  • Obturator: abdominal aorta, common iliac, internal iliac, obturator
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27
Q
  • What is angle of inclination and noramtive values
  • What is torison angle and normative values for male / female?
A
  • Angle of inclination is the cross section between head and neck of the femur and the shaft of the femur
    the average angle is 126 degrees
    angle ranges is 116-140
  • Torsion angle is the intersection between the head and neck of the femur viewed superiorly and the transverse axis of femoral condyles
    Men= 7 degrees
    Women= 12 degrees
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28
Q

What are the noramtive values for :
* Coxa Vara
* Coxa Valga

A
  • Coxa Vara: < 126
  • Coxa Valga: >140
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29
Q

What are the boarders of the femoral triange?
What are the contents?

A

Boarders
* Superiorly: Inginual Ligament
* Medially: Adductor Longus
* Laterally: Sartorius
* Floor: Pectineus and Iliopsoas
* Inferiorly: Junction where sartorius and adductor longus intersect

Contents
* Femoral vein
* Femoral artery
* femoral nerve

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30
Q
  • What nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus?
  • What areas are innervated by the lumbar plexus?
  • How are these nerves organized?
  • Where are the divisons found?
A
  • Ventral rami L1-L4
  • structures of the abdominal walls, pelvic regions, and LE’s
  • rami, divisons, and terminal nerves
  • divisions are only found from L2-L4
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31
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve:
What is its segement and what does it have sensory too?

A

(L2-L3) skin over the lateral thigh

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32
Q

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
* Motor?
* Sensory?

A
  • Motor: Quadriceps , iliacus , pectineus , sartorius
  • Sensory:
    Anterior Cutaneous: skin over the anterior thigh
    Saphenous: skin over the medial knee, leg, ankle
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33
Q

Obturator Nerve
What are the segments? Motor ? Sensory?

A

L2-L4
Motor: Adductor(s) , gracillis
Sensory: medial thigh

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34
Q

Adductor Canal
* What are the contents?
* Where is it found?

A

Contents:
* Femoral Nerve
* Femoral Artey
* Femoral Vein
* Saphenous Nerve

Found:
* Between the sartorius, adductor longus , and vastus medialis

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35
Q

Adductor Hiatus
* What are the contents?
* Where is it found?

A

Contents:
* Femoral Artery
* Femoral Vein

Found:
* opening in the adductor magnus
* permits structures to pass from anterior to posterior

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36
Q

Sciatic Nerve
Segements? Branches? Motor? Sensory ?

A
  • Segements: L4-S3
  • Branches: Tibial Nerve (L4-S3) and Common Fibualr (L4-S2)
  • Motor through the tibial and common fibular:
    Tibial: long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, hamstring part of adductor magnus
    Common Fibular: Short head of biceps femoris
  • Sensory: none
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37
Q

Which arteries supply the head and neck of the femur?

A
  • Medial Circumflex femoral (posterior head and neck of femur)
  • Acetabular branch of Obtruator Nerve (femoral head)
  • Lateral Circumflex femoral the ascending and transverse branches (trochanters)
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38
Q

what are the three articulating surfaces of the knee?

A
  • Medial Femorotibial Articulation
  • Lateral Femorotibial Articulation
  • Femoropatellar Acticulation
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39
Q

Describe the movement of the patella

A

Beyond 90 degrees patella tilts and the contact with the odd facet is made to the medial condyle of the femur

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40
Q

What are the available movements of the knee joint complex?

A

Flexion, Extension, Medial and lateral rotation

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41
Q

Which extensor of the knee also acts at the hip joint and what is its proximal attachment?

A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • AIIS
42
Q

Which nerve(s) are involved in producing lateral rotation of the knee joint?

What is the distal attachment of the muscles that produce lateral rotation of the knee joint?

A
  • Tibial Nerve: Biceps Femoris long head to the lateral condyle of the head of the fibula
  • Common Fibular: Biceps Femoris short head to spliting at the site of the fibular collateral ligament of the knee
43
Q

What Extra-articualr structures of the knee provide stability anteriorly?

A
  • Quadriceps Tendon = tendon of the 4 quadricep muscles
  • Patellar ligament = from the patella to the tibial tuberosity
44
Q

What extra-articular structures provide stability to the anterolateral aspect of the knee?

A
  • Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament: transverse band from patella to IT
  • Lateral Patellotibial Ligament: Longitudinal band from patella to lateral tibia
  • These are from the lateral patellar retinaculum : the expansion from the tendon of the vastus lateralis and iliotibial band to the patella
45
Q

What extra-articular structure provides stability to the medial aspect of the knee?

A
  • Medial (tibial) collateral Ligament : from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial tibial condyle and the upper medial tibial shaft
  • Has an attachment at the medial meniscus
45
Q

What extra-articular surfaces provide stability to the knee posteriorly?

A
  • Oblique popliteal ligament: fibrous extension of semimembranosus tendon that runs along the posterior capsule from medial tibial condyle to lateral femoral condyle
  • Arcuate Popliteal Ligament: Y shaped ligament with a medial and lateral band
    -Medial band: from fibular head medially to join with oblique popliteal ligament
    Lateral Band: from fibular head to posterior
45
Q

What extra-articular structures provide stability to the anteromedial aspect of the knee?

A
  • Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: transverse band from VMO tendon to patella
  • Medial Patellotibial ligament: longitudinal band from patella to medial tibia
  • These are from the medial patellar retinaculum : expansion from tendon of vastus medialis to patella
46
Q

What extra-articular structure provides stability to the lateral side of the knee?

A
  • Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament: from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula
  • no attachment to the lateral meniscus
47
Q

What intra-articular surfaces provide stability during flexion and extension of the knee

A
  • Medial Meniscus: C shaped fibrocartilage plate runs along the medial condyle of the tibia AND attaches the MCL and the anterior and posterior tibial intercondylar areas
  • Lateral Meniscus : Semi-circular fibrocartilage plate , runs along the lateral condyle of the tibia AND attaches anterior and posterior horns
48
Q

The Menisci attatch to the tibia via what intra-articular ligaments?

A
  • Coronary Ligaments: attach the menisci to the periphery of the tibial condyles
  • Transverse genicular ligament: tethers the menisci together
  • Posterior meniscofemoral ligament: attached the lateral meniscus to the PCL and medial femoral condyle
49
Q

What intra-articular structure limits anterior translation of the tibia?

A
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament:
    -Distally:posterior to the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in the anterior intercondylar fossa of the tibia
    -Proximally: intercondylar fossa side of the lateral femoral condlye
50
Q

What intra-articular structure limits Posterior translation of the tibia?

A
  • Posterior Cruciate Ligament
    -Distally: posterior to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in the posterior intercondylar fossa of the tibia
    -Proximally: intercondylar fossa side of the medial femoral condyle
51
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the knee from :

A

Antero-Lateral : anterior cutaneous branches of femoral nerve
Medial: cutaneous branches of Spahenous n.
Posterior: Posterior cutaneous N. of thigh

52
Q

Which type of nerve fiber innervates the knee joint capsule?

A

Afferent-Sensory

53
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa? (Diamond Shaped)

A
  • Superior Lateral: Biceps Femoral
  • Superior Medial: Semitendinosus + Semimembranosus
  • Inferior Lateral: Lateral head of the gastrocnemius , Plantaris
  • Inferior Medial: Medial head of gastrocnemius
54
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
2 Nerves
1 Artery
1 Vein
5 Muscles

A
  • 2 Nerves: Common Fibular and Tibial
  • 1 Artery: Popliteal A.
  • 1 Vein: Popliteal Vein.
  • 5 Muscles: Popliteus, Biceps femoris tendon, semitendinosus tendon, semimembranosus tendon, med/lat head of the gastrocnemius
55
Q

What contributes to the unlocking of the knee joint?

A

Unlocking of the knee joint happens in the early stages of flexion.
* Leg is medially rotated and thigh is laterally rotated
* Action of the popliteus muscle at 5 degrees (help from semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis muscles)

56
Q

What are the effects of Valgus and Varus on the Patellofemoral Joint ?

A
  • Patella tracking with Genu Valgus = laterally
  • Patella tracking with Genu Varum = medially
57
Q

What is the Unhappy Triade?

A
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  • Medial Meniscus
  • Medial Collateral Ligament
58
Q

What Knee structures attach at the head of the fibula?

A
  • Biceps Femoris tendon
  • Lateral ( Fibular )collateral ligament
59
Q

What is a syndesmosis injury?

A

It is a high ankle sprain

60
Q

Superior and Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

A
  • What muscles pass deep to the retinacula?
    -Tibialis Anterior , extensor digitorum longus , extensor hallucis longus , fibularis tertius
  • What vessels/nerves will pass deep to the retinaculum
    -anterior tibial artery, anterior tibial vein, deep fibular nerve
61
Q

What does an injury to the dep fibular nerve present as?

A
  • Foot Drop , can be caused by an injury to the common fibular nerve since it is extremly vulnerable to injury since it goes around the neck of the fibula.
62
Q

Your pateint has a lesion to the superficial fibular nerve , what areas would you expect to find sensosry deficits?

A
  • Skin of the anterolateral leg and the dorsum of the foot
  • Besides webspaces between the great and 2nd toe
63
Q

What motion would you resist to test innervation of the superficial fibular nerve?

A
  • Resist the motion for foot eversion and weak platarflexion
  • Superficial Fibular nerve is comprised of muscles fibularis longus and fibularis brevis , responsibe for foot eversion and weak plantarfelexion
64
Q

Tom , Dick , and , nervous , harry

A
  • Tibialis Posterior tendon
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus tendon
  • posterior tibial artery and vein + tibial nerve
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon

this is from the angle posterior medial malleolus to posterior medial calcaneous

65
Q

What makes up the Arches of the foot?

A
  • Medial Longitudinal : calcaneous , talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and 3 metatarsals
  • Lateral Longitudinal : calcaneous , cuboid , and 2 lateral metatarsals
  • Transverse : cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of metatarsals
66
Q

What are the structues that support the arch?
Passive?
Dynamic?

A
  • PASSIVE
  • Plantar Aponeurosis
  • Long Plantar Ligament
  • Short Plantar Ligament
  • Spring Ligament
  • DYNAMIC
  • medial longitudinal arch is the main weight bearing arch
  • TA, TP, support the medial longitudinal arch
  • FHL , FDL, support the longitudinal arch
  • Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior –> Transverse arch
67
Q

What is an aquired flat foot deformity?
What Static and dynamic structures have the greatest impact on the arch of the foot?

A
  • Pes planus , fallen arch 2 degrees tendon dysfunction or ligamentous laxity
  • Posterior and anterior tibialis tendon, plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
68
Q

What arteries supply the ankle joint?

A
  • Fibular A.: Posterior lateral malleolar
  • Anterior Tibial A. : Anterior Lateral malleolar and Anterior medial malleolar
  • Posterior Tibial : Posterior medial malleolar
69
Q
  • Which cutaneous nerves supply the dorsum of the foot?
  • Which cutaneous nerves supply the sole of the foot?
A
  • Dorsum =
    1) Sural Nerve (skin of postereolateral leg and lateral margin of foot)
    2) Superficial Fibular nerve ( skin of the antereolateral leg and dorsum of the foot , excluding webspaces between great and 2nd toe)
    3) Deep fibular nerve ( skin of webspaces between great and 2nd toe)
  • Sole =
    1) Calcaneal branch of Tibial nerve ( skin of the heel)
    2) Lateral Plantar nerve (skin of the lateral sole , and plantar aspect sides and nail beds of lateral 1 1/2 toes)
    3) Medial Plantar Nerve (skin of medial side of sole and plantar aspect, sides of nail beds of medial 3 1/2 toes)
70
Q

Which spinal segments supply the ankle and the foot?

A

L3: medial knee and posterior midline of upper leg
L4 : medial leg and ankle
L5 : lateral upper leg and central dorsum of foot and middle of plantar foot , 1-4
S1 : lateral ankle and lateral plantar foot 5th toe , lateral posterior leg
S2: medial bottom of the plantar foot on calcaneous and middle posterior leg

71
Q

What function does the superficial fibular nerve have on the foot?

A

Sensory to the dorsum of the foot

71
Q

What is the sensory innervation of :
1. Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of Superficial Fibular N. ?
2. Lateral Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of Superficial Fibular N. ?

A
  1. Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of Superficial Fibular N : medial dorsum of the foot , toes 1-3
  2. Intermediate Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of Superficial Fibular N: Toes 3-5 and medial side of 5th
72
Q

What area does the deep fibular nerve supply sensation to the foot?

A

Webspaces 1-2

72
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to muscles of the dorum of the foot ?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

73
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep Fibular

74
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Deep Fibular

75
Q

An inability to flex the distal IP joints of the lateral 4 toes may be casued to a lesion where?

A

Tibial nerve : Flexor digitorum longus

76
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve.

77
Q

An inability to abduct the small toe may be caused by a lesion to where?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve

78
Q

What are the functions and requirments of the foot?

A

must be both ridgid and mobile
-rigid for propulsion during walking, jogging, and jumping
-mobile for accomodate uneven terrain , absorb shock, and control proximal forces

79
Q

What articulation makes up the ankle joint?
How is it classified?

A
  • Articulation is made up of distal tibia and fibula and talus (dome)
  • (tibiotalar joint)
  • synovial hinge joint , mortise
80
Q
  • What motions occur at the talocrual joint?
  • Which muscle is a primary DF of the ankle?
  • Which muscles Assist in DF?
A
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus , fibularis tertius
81
Q
  • Which muscles are primary PF of the ankle?
  • Which muscles assist in PF?
A
  • Gastrocnemius and Soleus
  • Plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus , flexor hallucis longus
82
Q

What articulations make up the Subtalar joint?

A
  • Calcaneous (sustentaculum tali of calcaneous) and talus , inferiorly
  • Also called talar-calcaneal joint
  • plane synovial joint
  • motions that occur here are eversion and inversion
83
Q

Which muscles invert the subtalar joint ?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Tibialis Posterior
84
Q

Which muscles evert the subtalar joint?

A
  • Fibularis Longus
  • Fibularis Brevis
  • Fibularis Tertius
85
Q

Transverse Tarsal Joint

A

comprised of 2 joints
-called talonavicular joint (head of the talus and the nevicular and cuboid)
-this is a ball and socket joint
-calcaneocuboid joint (cuboid articulates of the calcaneous and the cuboid) a plane synovial joint

86
Q

What motions occur at the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

limited gliding and sliding

87
Q

What motions occur at the MTP joints?

A

flexion, extension and some abduction , adduction and circumduction

88
Q

What are the attachments of the
1. Anterior Talofibular Ligament?
2. Calcaneofibular Ligament?
3. Posterior Talofibular Ligament?
4. Tibionavicular?

A
  1. Anterior Talofibular Ligament: inferior medial fibula to neck of talus
  2. Calcaneofibular Ligament: lateral malleolus to lateral calcaneus
  3. Posterior Talofibular Ligament: post/medial malleolus to lateral tubercle of the talus
  4. Tibionavicular: from tibia to navicular bone
  5. Tibiocalcaneal : to sustentaculum tali
89
Q

Which ligaments support the arches of the foot?

A

Foot
Long Plantar Ligament
Short Plantar Ligament
Spring Ligament

Ankle
lateral ligaments of the ankle and the deltoid ligament

90
Q

A high grade ankle sprain of the interosseous (crual) fibular ligament would resist excessive motion at which joint?

A

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

91
Q

Which muscle flexes the IP of the 1st digit ?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

92
Q

Which muscle of the leg extends the IP’s 2-5

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

93
Q

What are the layers of the foot and what is in each layer?

A
  1. Layer 1: Abductor Hallucis , flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digitminimi
  2. Layer 2: Quadrate Plantae and lumbricals
  3. Layer 3: Flexor Hallucis Brevis , adductor hallucis , flexor digitiminimi brevis
  4. Layer 4: Plantar Interossei , Dorsal Interossei
94
Q

Which muscles are on the Dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis

95
Q

Which muscles produce MTP or IP Flexion?

A
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Interossei
96
Q

Which muscles abduct the MTP’s?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Abductor Digitiminimi
  • Dorsal Interossei
97
Q

Which muscles exend the MTP’s or IP’s

A
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum Brevis
98
Q

Which muscles adduct the MTP’s

A
  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Plantar interossei

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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