Lower Extremity GA2 (Gluteal Region)

Question 1

Gluteus Maximus m.
(superficial)

Answer 1

A: ilium posterior to posterior glute line
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sarcotuberous ligament TO iliotibial tract , lateral conndyle of tibia and also gluteal tuberosity

Mvmnt: Extension thigh, lateral rotation

Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)

Question 2

Gluteus Medius m.
(Superficial)

Answer 2

A: External surface of the ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines TO lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

Mvmnt: abduct and medially rotate thigh

Innnervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)

Question 3

Gluteus Minimus m.
(Superficial)

Answer 3

A: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines TO Anterior Surface of Greater trochanter of femur

Mvmnt: Abduct and medially rotate thigh

Innnervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)

Question 4

Tensor Fasicae Latae m.
(Superficial)

Answer 4

A: Anterior superior Iliac spine / anterior part of iliac crest TO iliotibial tract , attaching to lateral condyle of tibia

Mvmnt: Abduct and medially rotates thigh

Innnervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)

Question 5

Piriformis m.
(Deep)

Answer 5

A: Anterior surface of sacrum / sarcotuberous ligament TO superior boarder of greater trochanter of femur

Mvmnt: Laterally rotate extended thigh + Abduction flexed thigh

Innnervation: Nerve to Piriformis (S1-S2)

Question 6

Obturator Internus m.
(Deep) / (Middle of gemelli sammy)

Answer 6

A: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane TO medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Mvmnt: Laterally rotates extended thigh and abduction of flexed thigh

Innnervation: Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5-S2)

Question 7

Superior Gemellus m. (Deep)

Answer 7

A: Ischial Spine TO medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Mvmnt: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Innervation: Nerve to Obturator Inernus (L5-S2)

Question 8

Inferior Gemellus m.
(Deep)

Answer 8

A: Ischial tuberosity TO medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Mvmnt: Laterally rotates extended thigh and abduction of flexed thigh

Innervation: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L4-S1)

Question 9

Quadratus Femoris m.
(Deep)

Answer 9

A: Lateral boarder of ischial tuberosity TO quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it.

Mvmnt: Laterally rotates thigh and steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Innervation: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L4-S1)

Question 10

Anterior Sacral-Iliac L.
(function)

Answer 10

SI joint permits very little sliding, tiliting, and rotation

suspension of ilium

Question 11

Interosseous Sacral-Iliac L.
(function)

Answer 11

Innterosseous and ant/post SI ligaments attatch sarcum to ilium
(sacrum is suspended from the ilium like a suspension bridge)

Question 12

Posterior Sarcal-Iliac L.
(function)

Answer 12

Attach sacrum to ilium

suspension of ilium

Question 13

Sacrospinous L.
(function)

Answer 13

prevent excessive rotation of the sacrum on ilium

Question 14

Sacrotuberous L.
(function)

Answer 14

Prevent excessive rotation of the sacrum on ilium

Question 15

What bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 15

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

3 articular surfaces:
acetabulum
auricular surface
symphyseal surface

Question 16

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 16

L+R Hip Bones (os coxa) (ilium, ishium, pubis)
and
Sacrum with coccyx

Question 17

Functions of Pelvic Girdle?

Answer 17

-Bearing the weight of the upper body
-Distribute forces from lower body
-Attachment site for muscles of lower extremity needed for locomotion/ also abdominal wall musculature
-Protection of the pelvic viscera
-Attachment for pelvic floor musculature

Question 18

Articulations associated with pelvic girdle?

Answer 18

-Lumbosacral: jt of axial skeleton
-Sacroiliac: link between axial and appendicular skeleton, synovial joint anteriorly / auricular surface of ilium/ auricular surface of sacrum / minimal movemnt
-Sacro-coccygeal
-Pubic Symphysis: cartilagenous jt, medial surface of pubic bones, separateds by inter-pubic disc

Question 19

Iliolumbar Ligament
(Function)

Answer 19

transverse process of L5 to ilia , occasional band of L4 vertebra

stabilization / rotation of pelvis per sommy

Question 20

Lumbosacral Trunk

Answer 20

L4 and L5 anterior rami make up lumbosacral trunk

Question 21

Sacral Plexus

Answer 21

Lumbosacral trunk unites with anterior rami of S1-S4

Question 22

What terminal nerves arise from sacral plexus?

Answer 22

Sciatic N.
Superior Gluteal N.
Inferior Gluteal N.
Nerve to Piriformis N.
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Nerve to Obturator Internus
Pudendal
Nerve to Levator Ani and coccygeus

Question 23

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Answer 23

L4-S1

Sensory branch to S/I joint
Sensory branch to hip joint
Muscular branches to gluteus medius, minimus, TFL

Question 24

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Answer 24

L5-S2

muscular branches only

Question 25

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

Answer 25

L4-S1
Sensation to the hip joint

Has a muscular branch and a sensory branch

Question 26

Nerve to Obturator Internus

Answer 26

L5-S2
Motor: obturator internus muscle and superior gemellus muscle

Question 27

Nerve to Piriformis

Answer 27

S1-S2

motor to piriformis

Question 28

Superior Clunial nerve

Answer 28

Posterior Rami of L1-L3
supplies skin over the superior and central buttock

Question 29

Middle Clunial Nerve

Answer 29

Posterior Rami of S1-S3
Supplies the skin of the medial buttock and gluteal cleft

Question 30

Inferior Clunial Nerve

Answer 30

Anterior rami of S2-S3
branch of posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Supplies skin of the inferior gluteal region