Foot and Ankle Muscles (GA2)

Question 1

What are the sole of the foot muscles by compartment?

Answer 1

1. First Layer
   * Abductor Hallucis M.
   * Flexor Digitorum Brevis M.
   * Abductor Digitiminimi M
2. Second Layer
   * Quadratus Plantae M.
   * Lumbricals M.
3. Third Layer
   * Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.
   * Adductor Hallucis M.
   * Flexor Digitminimi Brevis M.
4. Fourth Layer
   * Plantar Interossi (3 muscles)
   * Dorsal Interossi (4 muscles)

Question 2

What are the muscles of the Dorsum of the foot?

Answer 2

• • Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.
• • Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.

Question 3

Abductor Hallucis M.
(First layer)

Answer 3

Attach: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneous , flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis TO Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Mvmnt: Abducts, flexes 1st digit at MTP, and IP Joints

Nerve: Medial Plantar

Question 4

Flexor Digitorum Brevis M.
(First layer)

Answer 4

Attach: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcanus , plantar aponeurosis , intermuscular septa TO both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Mvmnt: Flexes lateral four digits and MTP and IP Joints

Nerve: Medial Plantar Nerve

Question 5

Adductor Digitiminimi M.
(First layer)

Answer 5

Attach: Medial and Lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcanus , plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular speta TO lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Mvmnt: Abducts and flexes little toe at MTP and IP Joints

Nerve: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 6

Quadratus Plantae M.
(Second Layer)

Answer 6

Attach: Medial surface and lateral margin or plantar surface of calcanus TO posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Mvmnt: Assists in flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits at MTP and IP

Nerve: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 7

Lumbricals M.
(Second Layer)

Answer 7

Attach: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus TO medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Mvmnt: flexes proximal IP Joint , extend middle and distal IP Joints of lateral four digits

Nerve:
-Medial (1) : Medial Plantar Nerve
-Lateral (3) : Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 8

Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.
(Third Layer)

Answer 8

Attach: Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms TO Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Mvmnt:Flexes proximal IP Joint of 1st Digit

Nerve: Medial Plantar nerve

Question 9

Adductor Hallucis M.
(Third Layer)

Answer 9

Attach:
-Oblique: Base of metatarsals 2-4
-Transverse Head: plantar ligaments of MTP Joints
-Both TO –> Tendons of both heads attatch to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Mvmnt: Adduct 1st digit , assists in maintaining transvere arch of foot by medially pulling metatarsals

Nerve: Deep Branch of of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 10

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M.
(Third Layer)

Answer 10

Attach: Base of 5th Metatarsal TO Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Mvmnt: Flexes proxiaml IP Joint of 5th digit therby assisting with flexion of the digit

Nerve: Superficial Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 11

Plantar Interossi M.
(3 Muscles)
(Fourth Layer)

Answer 11

Attach: Plantar Aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5 TO Medial side of bases of phalanges of 3rd to 5th digits

Mvmnt: Adduct and Flex digits 3-5 at MTP Joints

Nerve: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 12

Dorsal Interossi M.
(4 muscles)
(Fourth Layer)

Answer 12

Attach:
-Both adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5
TO
-1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
-2nd-4th: Lateral Sides of 2nd - 4th digits

Mvmnt: Abduct and flex didigts 2-4 at MTP Joints

Nerve: Lateral Plantar Nerve