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Gross Anatomy > (FOREARM) Forearm Muscles Exam: attachments, movements, nerve innervation > Flashcards

(FOREARM) Forearm Muscles Exam: attachments, movements, nerve innervation Flashcards

1
Q

SUPERFICIAL (FIRST LAYER) ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM
- FLEXORS-

A

Pronator Teres M.
Flexor Carpi Radialis M. (FCR)
Palmaris Longus M.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M.(FCU)

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2
Q

Pronator Teres M.
(Superficial)

A

A: (CFT) Coronoid process, medial epicondyle of humerus to middle convexity of lateral radius
Mvmnt: Pronates and flexes forearm
Nerve: Median Nerve

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3
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis M. (FCR) (Superficial)

A

A:(CFT)Medial epicondyle of humerus, base of 2nd metacarpal
Mvmnt: Flexes and abducts hand
Nerve: Median Nerve

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4
Q

Palmaris Longus M. (Superficial)

A

A: (CFT)Medial epicondyle of humerus, distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
Mvmnt: Flexes hand at wrist and tenses aponeurosis
Nerve: Median Nerve

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5
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M. (FCU)(Superficial)

A

A:(CFT)Medial epicondyle of humerus to pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Mvmnt: Flexes and adducts hand at wrist
Nerve: Ulnar Nerve

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6
Q

INTERMEDIATE (SECOND LAYER) ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM
-FLEXORS-

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M. (FDS)

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7
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M. (Intermediate)

A

A: (CFT)Medial epicondyle of humerus and superior half of anterior border to shaft of middle phalanges of medial four digits.
Mvmnt: Flexes middle phalanges of proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits AND flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints
Nerve: Median Nerve

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8
Q

DEEP (THIRD LAYER) ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM
-FLEXORS-

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus M. (FDP)
Flexor Pollicis Longus M. (FPL)
Pronator Quadratus M.

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9
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus M. (Deep)

A

A:Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
MEDIAL:Base of distal phalanges 4th and 5th digits
LATERAL: Base of distal phalanges 2nd and 3rd digits
Mvmnt:
MEDIAL:Flexes distal phalanges 4+5 at distal interphalangeal joints
LATERAL: Flexes distal phalanges 2+3 at distal interphalangeal joints
nerve
Nerve:
MEDIAL: Ulnar Nerve
LATERAL: Anterior Interosseous Nerve from Median Nerve

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10
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus M. (Deep)

A

A: Anterior Surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane to base of distal phalanx of thumb
Mvmnt: Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
at !!!!!
-interphalangeal jt
metacarpophalangeal jt
carpometacarpal jt
Nerve: Anterior Interosseous Nerve from Median Nerve

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11
Q

Pronator Quadratus M. (Deep)

A

A: Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna, to distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
Mvmnt: Pronates forearm , deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
Nerve: Anterior Interosseous Nerve from Median Nerve

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12
Q

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM
-EXTENSORS-

A

Brachioradialis M.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M. (ECRL)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M. (ECRB)
Extensor Digitorum M.
Extensor Digiti Minimi M. (EDM)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M. (ECU)

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13
Q

Brachioradialis M. (Superficial)

A

A:Proximal two-thirds of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus to lateral surface of distal end radius proximal to styloid process
Mvmnt: Weak flexion of forearm maximal when mid-pronated position
Nerve: Radial Nerve

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14
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M. (ECRL) (Superficial)

A

A: Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus to dorsal aspect of base 2nd metacarpal
Mvmnt: Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint ERCL active during wrist extension
Nerve: Radial Nerve

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15
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M. (ECRB) (Superficial)

A

A:(CET) Lateral epicondyle ridge of humerus to dorsal aspect of base 3rd metacarpal
Mvmnt: Extend and abduct hand
Nerve: Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

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16
Q

Extensor Digitorum M. (Superficial)

A

A:(CET)Lateral epicondyle of humerus to extensor expansions of medial four digits
Mvmnt: Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints secondarily at interphalangeal joints
Nerve: Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

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17
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi M. (EDM)(Superficial)

A

A:(CET) Lateral epicondyle of humerus to extensor expansion of 5th digit
Mvmnt: Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints secondarily at interphalangeal joints
Nerve: Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

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18
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M. (ECU) (Superficial)

A

A: (CET)Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior boarder of ulna via shared aponeurosis to dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
Mvmnt: Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)
Nerve: Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

19
Q

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM
-EXTENSORS-

A

Supinator M.
Extensor Indicis M.

20
Q

Supinator M. (Deep)

A

A: Lateral epicondyle of humerus , radial collateral and anular ligaments supinator fossa, crest of ulna to the proximal third of radius (tendon wraps around radial bone, anteriorly)
Mvmnt: supinates forearm, rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
Nerve:Deep branch of radial Nerve

21
Q

Extensor Indicis M. (Deep)

A

A: Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane to extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Mvmnt: Extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension) helps extends hand at wrist
Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Nerve (continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

22
Q

OUTCROPPING MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus M. (APL)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis M. (EPB)
Extensor Pollicis Longus M. (EPL)

23
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus M. (Outcropping)

A

A: Posterior Surface of proximal halves of ulna , radius , and interosseous membrane to base of 1st metacarpal
Mvmnt: Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Nerve (continuation of deep branch radial of nerve)

24
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis M. (EPB) (Outcropping)

A

A: Posterior Surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane to dorsal aspect of base proximal phalanx of thumb
Mvmnt: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint, extends carpometacarpal joint
Nerve:Posterior Interosseous Nerve (continuation of deep branch radial of nerve)

25
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus M. (Outcropping)

A

A: Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane to dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Mvmnt: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint , extends metacarpophalangeal joint and carpometacarpal joints
Nerve: Posterior Interosseous N.

26
Q

CUBITAL FOSSA

A

Boarders:
Medial- Pronator Teres M.
Lateral- Brachioradialis M.
Inferior- Meeting point between pronator teres and brachioradialis
Superior- Line connecting epicondyles
Floor- Brachialis M. and Supinator M.
Roof- Skin

Structures:
-Biceps tedon and bicepital aponeurosis
-Median Nerve
-Radial Nerve
-Radial Nerve Deep + Superficial Branches
-Radial Artery
-Ulnar Artery
-Common Interosseous Artery off Ulnar
-Medial Cubital Vein

27
Q

Articulations of Radius?

A

1) Humeroradial
2) Radioulnar
3) Radiocarpal
4) Interosseous Membrane

28
Q

Articulations of Ulna?

A

1) Humeroulnar
2) Radioulnar
3) Interosseous Membrane

29
Q

What motions are found at the elbow joint?

A

-Flexion and Extension: humeroradial and humeroulnar
-Pronation and Supination: Proximal Radial Ulnar

30
Q

How many total joint capsules in the elbow among the 3 joints?

A

ONE

31
Q

Main Ligaments associated with Elbow?

A

1) Radial Collateral Ligament (lateral epicondyle to annular)
2) Ulnar Collateral (Valgus) (Tommy John)
-Has 3 bands Anterior, Posterior, Oblique
3) Annular Ligament (anterior/posterior aspect of radial notch, very strong)
4) Oblique Cord (coronoid process to radial tuberosity)

32
Q

What Nerves supply SENSORY input to Humeroradial and Humeroulnar joints of elbow?

A

-Musculocutaneous
-Radial
-Ulnar

32
Q

Of the main ligaments of the elbow which are inside the capsule and which are outside ?

A

Inside: Radial Collateral, Ulnar Collateral, Annular Ligaments
Outside/Extra Capsular: Oblique Cord

33
Q

What Nerves supply SENSORY input to Proximal Radioulnar joint of elbow?

A

-Musculocutaneous
-Median
-Radial

34
Q

What muscles attach to Common Flexor Tendon? (CFT)

A

-All muscles of Superficial and Intermediate groups of anterior part of forearm
1) Pronator Teres M.
2) Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
3) Palmaris Longus M.
4) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M.
5) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis M.

35
Q

Which muscles of superficial and deep anterior group are NOT innervated by median nerve ?

A

1) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris M.
2) Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Medial) M. 4th + 5th Digits

36
Q

What Muscles have a proximal attachment with lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus?

A

1) Brachioradialis M.
2) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
(Both Superficial Radial Nerve)

37
Q

What Muscles have a proximal attachment to Common Extensor Tendon? (CET)

A

1) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M. (ECRB)
2) Extensor Digitorum M.
3) Extensor Digiti Minimi M. (EDM)
4) Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M. (ECU)
(All innervated by deep branch radial nerve)

38
Q

Of the muscles of the superficial posterolateral side, which are NOT innervated by deep radial?

A

Brachioradialis M. and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M. they are innervated by Superficial Radial Nerve

39
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

A

-Boarders:
Laterally:
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Medially:
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Floor:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Structures:
Radial Artery
Superficial Radial Nerve

40
Q

Extensor Tunnel

A

1: Lateral Boarder Snuff Box
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis

2: ECRL, ECRB

3: Extensor Pollicis Longus

4: Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Indicis

5: Extensor Digiti Minimi

6: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

41
Q

Guyons Canal

A

Location :
Pisiform, lateral
hook of the hamate
(palmar to flexor retinaculum)

Found Here:
Ulnar Artery
Ulnar Nerve

42
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

Structures :
Flexor Retinaculum Palmarly
Carpal Bones Dorsally

What Lies in Tunnel?
Flexor Pollicis Longus T.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus T.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis T.

Median nerve

Synovial sheaths surrounding these tendons

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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