GA1 CP osteology arthrology and myology Flashcards
Superior Thoracic Aperture
What is it?
Boundaries?
Thoracic inlet
- communication between neck and thorax
- T1 vertebral segment
- paired 1st ribs and superior manubrium
Contents of the superior thoracic aperture?
- Trachea
- esophagus
- nerves and vessels that supply and drain head neck and upper extremities
Inferior Thoracic Aperture
What is it?
Boundaries?
Thoracic outlet
- irregular communication between the thorax and abdomen
Inferior Thoracic aperture
Contents?
- Esophagus
- inferior vena cava
- Aorta (abdominal aorta)
Contents of the Pulmonary cavities?
There are two pulmonary cavities laterally
Lungs and pleurae
Mediastinum contents?
located centrally
- Heart
- Thoracic great vessels
- trachea
- thoracic esophagus
- thymus
Manubrium (superior portion)
- Suprasternal notch (superior border of manubrium)
- Sternal angle (of Louis)(junction of manubrium and body)
- Clavicular Notch (articulates with sternal end of clavicle)
- Costal Notches (1st and half of the 2nd)
Body of Sternum (middle portion, longer, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium)
- Xiphoid/sternal joint (junction of body and xiphoid process)
- Costal notches (half of the 2nd, 3rd-6th, and half of 7th)
- Transverse ridges (anterior surface, between costal notches
Xiphoid Process (inferior portion)
- Costal notch (half of 7th)
The three types of ribs?
Typical Ribs
3rd through 9th
First rib (broad, flat, wide)
- Head (possesses only a single facet)
- Scalene tubercle (insertion point for anterior scalene M.)
- Groove for subclavian A. (superior aspect, posterior to the groove for the subclavian V.)
- Groove for subclavian V. (superior aspect, anterior to the groove for the subclavian A.)
Second rib (longer than 1st rib)
- Tuberosity of serratus anterior M. (insertion for the serratus anterior M.)
Special about the 10th 11th and 12th ribs?
Rib Fractures
Most common?
What can it cause?
MOst commonly fractured ribs are the Middle ribs, at their weakest locus, just anterior to the costal angle.
Rib fracture can damage internal organs and produce severe pain with respiration, coughing, laughing, and sneezing
Extra ribs are called?
do they cause problems?
Thoracic Vertebrae go over again
Chondrology
Types of synovial joints
types of fibrous joints
Types of Cartilaginous Joints
Joint type and name of joint
what makes up the joint?
Rib 1 joint type?
Rib 2-7?
Ligaments?
- Rib 1 Synchondrosis
- Rib 2-7 synovial planar
- Anterior radiate sternocostal L.
- Posterior radiate sternocostal L.
Costovertebral joints?
Synovial planar
- Radiate L. (head of the rib to vertebral body)
- Intraarticular L. (head of rib to intervertebral disk)
- Articular capsule (strongest anteriorly as the radiate L.)
Costotransverse Joints
Costotransverse (synovial planar)
- Lateral costotransverse L. (tubercle of the rib to the transverse process)
- Superior Costotransverse L. (neck of the rib to the transverse process one vertebral segment superiorly)
Head of rib articulates with what specifically?
Articulating facet of the costal tubercle?
what causes increased thoracic volume (what does this cause?)
what joint does this happen at?
Costochondral joints?
articulation between the ribs and costal cartilages
Synchondrosis
Dislocation vs separation?
Dislocation refers to sternocostal joint
separation refers to constochondral joint
joint name and type of joint?
Intercostal muscles?
External intercostal M.
Internal intercostal M.
Innermost intercostal M.
External intercostal M.
location
O
I
A
N
External Intercostal M. (11 pair; anteriorly muscle fibers are replaced by the External Intercostal Membrane which overlies the Internal Intercostal M. Inferiorly the External Intercostal M. is continuous with the External Abdominal Oblique M.)
O: Inferior Border of Ribs (posteriorly)
I: Superior Border of Rib below (anteriorly)
A: Elevate Ribs
N: Intercostal N.
Internal intercostal M.
Location
O
I
A
N
Internal Intercostal M. (11 pair; posteriorly muscle fibers are replaced by the Internal Intercostal Membrane which is visible in the Posterior Mediastinum immediately lateral to the Vertebral Column. Inferiorly the Internal Intercostal M. is continuous with the Internal Abdominal Oblique M.)
O: Inferior Border of Ribs (anteriorly)
I: Superior Border of Rib below (posteriorly)
A: Depress Ribs (interchondral Part Elevates Ribs)
N: Intercostal N.
Innermost intercostal M.
location
O
I
A
N
Innermost Intercostal M. (11 pair; the deepest fibers of the Internal Intercostal M., separated from the Internal Intercostal Ms. by the Intercostal nerve and vessels)
O: Inferior border of Ribs
I: Superior border of Rib below
A: Undetermined, probably the same as Internal Intercostal M.
N: Intercostal N.
Thoracentisis
Insertion of a hypodermic needle through the Intercostal musculature between ribs to obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood or fluid from the Pleural Cavity. The needle is inserted between ribs inferior to the Intercostal neurovascular bundle, but superior to the collateral branches.
Insertion of Chest Tube
Insertion of a tube to remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood or pus from the Pleural Cavity. Tube is typically inserted in the 5th or 6th Intercostal Space
Thoroscopy
Insertion of a Thoroscope into the Pleural Cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the Pleural Cavity.
Transverse Thoracic M.
O: Posterior surface of the lower part of the Sternal Body and Xiphoid Process
I: Internal surface of the 2 – 6 Costal cartilages
A: Depress Ribs
N: Intercostal N.
Subcostal M. (typically appear over the Innermost Intercostal M. on the Internal surface of the Posterior Thoracic Wall, near the Angles of the Ribs)
O: Inferior border of Rib
I: Superior border of Rib (1 to 2 Rib segments)
A: Probably act as the Internal Intercostal M.
N: Intercostal N.
