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Anatomy > G7 - Vertebral Column > Flashcards

G7 - Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Label all the parts of this vertebra. Also, from what view are we looking at it?

A
  1. Vertebral arch
  2. Pedicle
  3. Lamina
  4. Vertebral foramen
  5. Spinous process
  6. Transverse process
  7. Superior articular facet
  8. Superior articular process
  9. Body

Superior view

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2
Q

What are our primary and secondary curvatures?

A

Primary = thoracic kyphosis, sacrococcygeal kyphosis (occur in fetal dev)
Secondary = cervical and lumbar lordosis (acquired when start moving around in space)

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3
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do we have?

A

7

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4
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?

A

12

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5
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae do we have?

A

5

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6
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae do we have?

A

4 that are fused together

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7
Q

How many sacral vertebrae do we have?

A

5 that are fused together

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8
Q

Do vertebrae form by intramembranous or endochondral ossification?

A

Endochondral, aka from a cartilaginous precursor

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9
Q

ID each of the structures. What view is this image taken from?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Body of L1
  4. Intervertebral foramen
  5. Inferior vertebral notch
  6. Superior vertebral notch
  7. Facet joint
  8. Body of L5
  9. Superior articular process
  10. Transverse process
  11. Spinous process
  12. Inferior articular facet
  13. Inferior articular process

Lateral view

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10
Q

ID the type of vertebra and all the structures associated with it.

A

Cervical vertebra

  1. Anterior and posterior tubercles
  2. Transverse foramen in transverse process
  3. Bifid spinous process
  4. Posterior
  5. Delicate arches
  6. Articular facets
  7. Small body
  8. Anterior
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11
Q

What is the angle between articular facets in cervical vertebrae?

A

0-45 degrees

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12
Q

What part of the spine is this? ID all the number structures.

A

Cervical

1-7: C7-C1
8. Transverse foramen
9. Inferior and superior articular processes
10. Spinous process
11. Uncus of body
12. Posterior arch of atlas

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13
Q

ID the surface anatomy from top to bottom.

A

Site of external occipital protuberance
Nuchal groove
C7 spinous process (vertebra prominens)
T1 spinous process
T2 spinous process
Supraspinous ligament
T4 spinous process

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14
Q

This part of the cervical vertebrae supports the weight of the skull and has no body or spinous process.

A

Atlas

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15
Q

How does C2 support C1 (atlas)?

A

Dens sticks up like a tooth and atlas fits on top of

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16
Q

ID all of the structures.

A
  1. Lateral mass of C1
  2. Atlanto-occipital joint
  3. Alar ligament
  4. Dens, posterior articular surface
  5. Lateral Atlanto-axial joint
17
Q

What are characteristics of the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Very long and inferiorly angled and have muscles attaching to them

18
Q

What is the purpose of facet joints for thoracic vertebrae?

A

They articulate with ribs (each rib articulates with 2 adjacent vertebrae)

19
Q

Describe the facet/hemifacet layout of each vertebrae in the thoracic region.

A

T1 has a superior costal facet and inferior hemifacet on each side

T2-T9 have superior and inferior costal hemifacets on each side

T10-T12 have only one costal facet on each side on their pedicles/body

20
Q

How many ribs do the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

Each of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with 2 ribs except for T10-T12 that articulate with a single rib

21
Q

These vertebrae support most of the weight of the torso.

A

Lumbar vertebrae

22
Q

What part of the vertebral column is the best for CSF fluid samples/epidural injection?

A

Sacral hiatus

23
Q

What are intervertebral joints?

A

They are cartilaginous and made up of intervertebral discs plus ligaments but have no joint capsule

24
Q

At which points of the vertebral column will you find no intervertebral discs?

A

Between skull and C1 and between C1 and C2

25
Q

ID each structure.

A
  1. Vertebral foramen
  2. Superior Vertebral notch
  3. Spinous process
  4. Superior articular process
  5. Transverse process
  6. Anulus fibrosus
  7. Nucleus pulposus
26
Q

There are joints between articular processes. T or F?

A

True, they are facet (zygopophyseal) joints and joint capsule

27
Q

What type of joints are facet joints? What are their characteristics?

A

Synovial joints with a fibrous joint capsule (articular capsule) that is lined internally by synovial membrane; articular surfaces are covered by hyaline (articular) cartilage

28
Q

What shape are facet joints? Describe the shape’s characteristics.

A

Plane - flat articular surfaces that have limited gliding movements

29
Q

What happens to your vertebral column if you have osteoarthritis?

A

Wearing down of IV discs and vertebral bodies begin rubbing against one another —> disc becomes further deformed and facet joints glide apart to one another

30
Q

Which is skinnier? The anterior or posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Posterior

31
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament? What about the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

It resists hyperextension of vertebral column
It resists hyperflexion of the vertebral column

32
Q

How would a tear drop fracture occur?

A

A sudden whiplash injury/extreme hyperextension could lead to anterior longitudinal ligament snapping off a piece of the underlying vertebral body and tearing

33
Q

What is the function of ligamenta flava?

A

They are made up of a lot of elastic fibers and connect adjacent lamina and help with recoil of the spine

34
Q

What are the arrows pointing at?

A

Ligamenta flava

35
Q

What structure do spinal nerve roots exit from?

A

Intervertebral foramina

Anatomy (7 decks)

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