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Anatomy > G3 - Epithelium > Flashcards

G3 - Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

ID the red, green, yellow, and blue tissue types.

A

Red - epithelium
Green - connective
Yellow - muscle
Blue - nervous

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2
Q

ID the red and green marked tissues.

A

Red - epithelium
Green - connective tissue

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3
Q

ID the type of tissue.

A

Nervous tissue

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4
Q

ID the type of tissue.

A

Muscle

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5
Q

What organ houses this type of epithelium and what is the epithelium’s function here?

A

Lungs (alveoli), gas exchange

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6
Q

In what organ would you expect to find this epithelial tissue and what important function does it have?

A

GI tract, absorption

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7
Q

Where would you expect to find this epithelial tissue and what important function does it have?

A

Thyroid gland, secretion

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8
Q

Where would you expect to find this epithelial tissue and what function does it have?

A

Sweat glands, secretion

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9
Q

What function does this image of epithelial tissue illustrate?

A

Protection

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10
Q

List several important functions of epithelial tissue.

A

Protection, absorption, secretion, excretion, gas exchange, gliding (inner surfaces)

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11
Q

This tissue type has more cells and less ecm. What is it?

A

Epithelium

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12
Q

What tissue type has high proliferation/turnover rate and why?

A

Epithelium because it lines many surfaces so it must be renewed often

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13
Q

Does epithelial tissue have blood vessels?

A

No, it is avascular

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14
Q

This surface layer faces the underlying tissues.

A

Basal

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15
Q

This surface layer faces the lumen or outside world.

A

Apical

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16
Q

What are the regions of polarity in epithelium?

A

Apical
Lateral
Basal

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17
Q

ID the different types of apical domain specializations for each image.

A

Microvilli, stereocilia, cilia

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18
Q

What is the arrow showing?

A

Brush border (bunch of microvilli clustered together)

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19
Q

What is the F pointing at? What is at the bottom where the black scribble is?

A

Actin filaments; terminal web, aka a network of actin filaments on apical surface

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20
Q

Why are actin filaments important for microvilli?

A

They give them support so they do not collapse

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21
Q

Actin filaments support which apical domain specializations?

A

Microvilli, sterocilia

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22
Q

Microtubules support which apical domain specializations?

A

Cilia

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23
Q

Where are cilia usually found?

A

Respiratory system, parts of male reproductive system, oviduct

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24
Q

What is the axoneme?

A

The microtubule-based cytoskeleton structure that forms the core of cilia (9+2 arrangement)

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25
Q

What are the red arrows pointing at?

A

Left thicker one - microvilli
2 on right - cilia
Bottom arrow - basal body

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26
Q

What is the basal body?

A

The site of origin of cilia

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27
Q

What is the function of primary cilia and how are their microtubules arranged?

A

Sensing the environment (mechanoreceptors)
(9+0) arrangement

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28
Q

Are primary cilia motile?

A

No

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29
Q

Linkage between epithelial cells is made by __________

A

Cell junctions

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30
Q

These link epithelial cells with one another, prevent stuff from the environment from moving deeper into our bodies, and also stuff from basal lamina from moving out.

A

Cell junctions

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31
Q

Layer of cells that are all different heights but touching the basal lamina.

A

Pseudo-stratified epithelium

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32
Q

This type of epithelium has less layers when it is stretched compared to when it is not.

A

Transitional

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33
Q

This type of epithelium can be found over and over again in respiratory tract.

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

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34
Q

This epithelium type is very commonly found in urinary tract.

A

Transitional because has to expand and contract

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35
Q

What is the function of cell junctions for epithelium?

A

They are between epithelial cells, at the apical surface, and at the basal lamina and they work to prevent stuff from the environment from freely entering deeper areas of our bodies AND keep stuff from freely moving out

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36
Q

What protein supports tight and intermediate (adherens) junctions?

A

Actin

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37
Q

What protein supports desmosomes?

A

Keratin

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38
Q

What protein supports gap junctions?

A

Connexin

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39
Q

ID each of the circled cell junctions, the apical surface, and the type of apical domain specialization showed.

A

Orange - tight
Green - adherens (intermediate)
Blue - desmosome
Pink - gap junction
Apical surface at top
Microvilli = specialization

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40
Q

Where are hemidesmosomes usually found?

A

At the basal membrane of the cell

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41
Q

What is the function of tight junctions?

A

To seal neighboring cells together

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42
Q

What is the function of intermediate (adherens) junctions? What supports them?

A

Mechanical intercellular attachments, supported by cadherins

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43
Q

What is the function of hemidesmosomes?

A

They bind epithelial cells to the basal lamina

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44
Q

ID each of the different types of junctions, their support proteins, and the apical specialization. Also, what is the arrow pointing at?

A

Red - tight, actin
Blue - adherens (intermediate), actin
Green - desmosome (keratin)

Arrow points at actin

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45
Q

Which are the only types of cells that don’t have gap junctions?

A

Mature skeletal muscle and male gametes (sperm)

46
Q

What are terminal bars?

A

Attachment point of epithelial cells on their lateral surfaces that is unresolved in microscopic image (i.e., tight junctions, adherens, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes)

47
Q

What is the terminal web?

A

Actinous web underlying microvilli on specialized epithelial cells

48
Q

What are the red arrows pointing at?

A

Terminal bars

49
Q

What is the basal lamina and what does it do?

A

It is a membrane secreted by epithelial cells that anchors epithelium and separates it from underlying tissues

50
Q

What is the basal lamina made up of?

A

Collage type IV, laminin, proteoglycans

51
Q

What are each of the arrows pointing at?

A

Green - epithelium
Red - basal lamina
Blue - collagen fibrils (connective tissue)

52
Q

What is the plasmalemma?

A

The cell membrane that separates and protects the inside of the cell from the outside environment

53
Q

ID the structures the arrows are pointing at and explain their functions.

A

Upper red - hemidesmosomes: bind epithelial cells to basal lamina
Left bottom red - plasmalemma: cell membrane that separates the inside of the cell from the outside (has lipid bilayer)
Right bottom red - basal lamina: anchors epithelium and separates it from underlying tissues

54
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

It is the combo of basal lamina and reticular lamina that appear as a single layer in light microscopy

55
Q

What are the black arrows pointing at?

A

Basement membrane

56
Q

What are the red arrows pointing at and what is their function? Also what are the dark elongated organisms here?

A

Basal infoldings - they create shelves for mitochondria

Mitochondria

57
Q

What are the different types of simple epithelium?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudostratified

58
Q

What are the different types of stratified epithelium?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

59
Q

What is the mesothelium?

A

Epithelium that lines body cavities and is important for gliding between inner body surfaces

60
Q

What is endothelium?

A

Epithelium that lines blood vessels

61
Q

What are the white triangles pointing to on left? What about the white arrows on the right?

A

Endothelium, mesothelium

62
Q

What epithelium type is this?

A

Simple squamous

63
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

It forms secretory units and lines ducts

64
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Simple cuboidal

65
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Simple columnar

66
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption and secretion

67
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Protection

68
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

69
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Keratinized stratified epithelium

70
Q

What type of epithelium has a flat top layer and cuboidal basal layer?

A

Stratified squamous

71
Q

What are the black arrows pointing at?

A

Pyknotic nuclei

72
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Stratified cuboidal

73
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Stratified cuboidal

74
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here?

A

Stratified columnar

75
Q

ID everything the arrows are pointing at.

A

Top left: lumen (duct)
Bottom left: collagen
Top right: terminal bars
2nd from top on right: columnar cell
Third from top on right: basal cell
Bottom right: plasma cell

76
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here? And what are each of the white arrows pointing at?

A

Pseudostratified columnar
Left - goblet cell
Middle and right - cilia

77
Q

What type of epithelium is shown here? And what are each of the arrows pointing at?

A

Transitional

Top - umbrella cells
Middle - intermediate cells
Bottom - basal cells

78
Q

These types of cells are big, bulging, binucleated, and usually found in transitional epithelium

A

Umbrella cells

79
Q

The products of these glands are typically released to surrounding tissues.

A

Endocrine

80
Q

The products of these glands are typically delivered to the surface of cells.

A

Exocrine

81
Q

What is this?

A

Exocrine gland

82
Q

What is this?

A

Endocrine gland

83
Q

What are shown here?

A

Goblet cells (unicellular glands)

84
Q

What are the different types of multicellular glands?

A

Simple and compound (and then can also be further varied by the shape of their secretory unit, i.e. tubular or acinar)

85
Q

What is the shape of the secretory unit of salivary glands?

A

Acinar

86
Q

What type of gland is shown here, and what are the arrows pointing at?

A

Tubular

Pointing at duct at top and secretory proteins at bottom

87
Q

What type of gland is shown here? And what are the arrows pointing at.

A

Acinar

Left arrows pointing at acinus and right pointing at duct

88
Q

What are the different types of exocrine secretions?

A

Merocrine (eccrine), apocrine, holocrine

89
Q

The cells aren’t a part of this type of exocrine secretion

A

Merocrine (accrine)

90
Q

This type of exocrine secretion is packed with a little bit of cells.

A

Apocrine

91
Q

This type of exocrine secretion involves the entire cell. It matures with the secretion and is released from the gland.

A

Holocrine

92
Q

Proteins released from mammary glands are what type of secretion?

A

Merocrine

93
Q

Lipids released from mammary glands are what type of secretion?

A

Apocrine

94
Q

What type of gland is the salivary gland?

A

Compound tubuloacinar gland

95
Q

What are papillomas?

A

Benign tumors from surface epithelium

96
Q

What are adenomas?

A

Benign tumors from glandular epithelium

97
Q

What are carcinomas?

A

Malignant tumors from surface epithelium

98
Q

What are adenocarcinomas?

A

Malignant tumors from glandular epithelium

99
Q

ID each of the multicellular glands shown here.

A

From L—>R: single tubular, simple coiled tubular, simple branched tubular, simple branched acinar

100
Q

What types of multicellular glands are shown here on the left of the dotted line, on the right of the dotted line, and on the complete right?

A

compound tubuloacinar, compound tubular, compound acinar

101
Q

What is an acinar gland? And give an example of one.

A

Exocrine gland that has a spherical structure and a secretory duct with a small lumen

Ex. Salivary gland

102
Q

What is a tubular gland? And give an example of one.

A

Exocrine glands with a tube-like shape and a lumen inside the duct to transport secretions

Ex. Sweat gland

103
Q

What type of exocrine secretion is shown here? And what gland is this?

A

Holocrine - sebaceous gland

104
Q

What type of secretion is shown here, and is it endocrine or exocrine? Also, what gland is this?

A

This is a mammary gland so it could be apocrine or Merocrine, depending on what is being secreted. if it is lipids, it’s apocrine. If it is proteins, it is Merocrine. And this is all exocrine secretion.

105
Q

What type of secretion is shown here and what gland is this? Next, ID what the arrows are pointing at and the type of tissue.

A

Merocrine
Sweat gland
Arrows at top - duct
Arrows on left - myoepithelial cells
Arrows on middle bottom - lumen
Arrows on bottom - secretory component
Tissue type = adipose

106
Q

What is the top thick black arrow pointing at?
What about the one below it?
What are the thinner black arrows pointing at near the bottom?
What about the thin black arrow at the top?

A

Mucous glands
Serous glands
Serous acinus (top) and mucous acinus (bottom)
Serous demilunes

107
Q

What are serous demilunes?

A

Half-moon-shaped cellular formations and wrap around the top of mucous cells in salivary glands

108
Q

The most common tumors originate from ______ cells.

A

Epithelial

109
Q

Epithelial cells, especially in GI tract, have low renewal rate. T or F?

A

F

110
Q

What would you diagnose this patient with, and why?

A

Carcinoma because all the cells are dark, active, and dividing which is abnormal as you move away from the basal lamina towards the apical surface

111
Q

What is the fastest self-renewing tissue in mammals?

A

Gut epithelium

112
Q

What is the fastest self-renewing tissue in mammals?

A

Gut epithelium

Anatomy (7 decks)

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