G3 Woche 9

Question 1

3 alternative uses of ‘the’:

Answer 1

1) ‘Das’ can be used as ‘that’
2) ‘Der/die’ can be used as pronouns instead of ‘er/sie’ for smth previously mentioned.
3) ‘Der/die’ can be used fondly before a first name or pejoratively before a surname.

Question 2

A. A sausage roll here costs six euros.
B. //That// is too much for me.
//Alternative ‘the’ usage//

Answer 2

Ein Wurstbrötchen kostet hier sechs Euro.
//Das// ist mir zu viel.
[Ein Wurstbrötchen]

Question 3

A. We are waiting for a waiter.
B. //They// don’t come to the table here.
//Alternative ‘the’ usage//

Answer 3

Wir warten auf einen Kellner.
//Die// kommen hier nicht an den Tisch.
[Sie]

Question 4

This milk is sour.
We have to throw [it] away.
//Alternative ‘the’ usage//

Answer 4

Diese Milch ist sauer. //Die// müssen wir wegwerfen.
[Diese Milch]

Question 5

Give me the key.
I can’t find //it// at the moment.
//Alternative ‘the’ usage//

Answer 5

Geben Sie mir den Schlüssel.
//Dem// finde ich im Augenblick nicht.
[Dem Schlüssel]

Question 6

I’m seeing //the Anna// this evening.
[familiar]

Answer 6

Ich sehe die Anna heute Abend.

Question 7

Schmidt is always keeping his customers waiting.
[pejorative]

Answer 7

Der Schmidt lässt sein Kunden immer warten.

Question 8

If listing several nouns of different genders…

Answer 8

… omit the der/die/das. This is common in writing and in conversation.

Question 9

Breakfast is ready. The bread, eggs, coffee and milk are on the table.

Answer 9

Das Frühstück ist fertig. Brot, Eier, Kaffee und Milch stehen auf dem Tisch.

Question 10

Next month I’m going to Germany (the present works the same in German here as it would in English - a certain continuation of the present)

Answer 10

Nächsten Monat fahre ich in Deutschland.

Question 11

I’ll help you [present tense, implying ‘at once’]

Answer 11

Ich helfe Ihnen.

Question 12

I’ll do my best.

Answer 12

Ich werde mein Bestes tun.

Question 13

it goes

Answer 13

es geht

Question 14

it drives

Answer 14

es fährt

Question 15

it grows

Answer 15

es wächst

Question 16

she reads

Answer 16

sie liest

Question 17

he sees

Answer 17

er sieht

Question 18

she eats

Answer 18

sie isst

Question 18

it helps

Answer 18

es hilft

Question 19

it gives

Answer 19

es gibt

Question 19

it takes

Answer 19

es nimmt

Question 20

he speaks

Answer 20

er spricht

Question 21

he knows

Answer 21

er weiß

Question 22

The present perfect =

Answer 22

haben (auxiliary, conjugated in second place in sentence) + past tense (main verb, end of sentence) e.g I have lived.

NB. some verbs use sein.

Question 23

The past participle in German is usually formed by…

For example: to eat => ate

Answer 23

…adding the prefix ge- and swapping the -en of the infinitive with -t.

Zum beispiel: machen => ge-mach-t

Question 24

For the sake of pronounciation, if the STEM ends in -d or -t..

For example: to wait => waited

Answer 24

… the past participle adds -et instead of just -t.

Zum beispiel: warten => gewartet

Question 25

The past participle in german is very broad case-wise.

e.g. Wir haben ein Bild gemacht means…

Answer 25

… ‘We have painted a picture’ but also means ‘we painted/were painting/have been painting a picture’ as these aren’t distinguished in German.

Question 26

Usually haben is the auxillary for the past tense. Sein is only used when…

Answer 26

1) either motion/ a change of state is implied (i.e. kommen, werden) WITHOUT a direct object (i.e verbs such a bringen, schicken still use haben)

2) counterintuitively to 1, when using the verbs sein or bleiben

Question 27

I ran to and fro!

Answer 27

Ich bin hin und her gelaufen! (sein - motion without DO)

Question 28

I went to the doctor.

Answer 28

Ich bin zum Artzt gegangen (sein - motion without DO)