G3 Woche 10 I Flashcards
In German, the genitive case denotes…
possession of a noun (where ‘s or ‘of’ would be used in english).
An old lady’s car (genetive)
Der Wagen einer alten Dame
‘The’ in the genitive:
des (M), der (F), des (N), der (PL)
5 common prepositions that force the genitive for the following noun:
outside of, in spite of, during, because of, in spite of this…
außerhalb
trotz
während
wegen
trotzdem
outside of [genitive]
außerhalb
in spite of (this) [genitive]
trotz(dem)
during [genitive]
während
because of [genitive]
wegen
Rules of separable prefix verbs:
1. when conjugated?
2. forming the past participle?
3. when the infinite is preceeded by ‘zu’?
- stem stays in second position while prefix shifts to the end of the sentence.
- The ‘ge-‘ is inserted BETWEEN the prefix and stem
- the ‘zu-‘ is inserted BETWEEN the prefix and stem
I’m inviting my friend for Saturday.
Ich lade mein Freund für Sonnabend ein.
I hope to come tomorrow
Ich hoffe, morgen zu kommen.
I am trying to find a quiet bar.
Ich versuche, eine ruhige Bar zu finden.
[I recently attempted] [to build a Viking longship -or ‘drakkar’- out of clay.]
[Ich habe vor kurzem versucht] , [ein Wikinger-Langschiff - oder ‘drakkar’ - aus Ton zu bauen.]
You’ve persuaded me
Du hast mich überredet
Connectors that show purpose e.g. English ‘to’
German equivalent?
Sentences in which the first part makes a statement and the second explains why, in English are most often connected with ‘to’/’in order to’.
The German equivalent is ‘um’
I’m going to buy some sliced meat, to prepare my breakfast tomorrow.
Ich werde etwas Aufschnitt kaufen, um morgen mein Frühstück vorzubereiten.
I have to get up early, to geta few hours of study in.
Ich muss früh aufstehen, um ein paar Stunden zu lernen.
3 most common words used to connect two parts of a sentence with the same subject:
um, ohne, statt
[I can’t prepare a picnic] , [without buying some cold cuts.]
[Ich kann kein Picknick vorbereiten] , [ohne etwas Aufschnitt zu kaufen.]
The lady goes into town. She goes shopping.
=>
The lady goes into town to go shopping.
Die Dame geht in die Stadt. Sie kauft ein.
=>
Sie Dame geht in die Stadt, um einzukaufen.
Forming the passive voice:
werden + past participle
While passive sentence structure in both languages is mostly similar, the passive in German differs from English by…
… using ‘werden’ (to become) as the auxiliary instead of ‘to be’ AND the indirect object in a German passive sentence must remain an IO (compared to English which changes it to the subject).
What is cancelled out in the passive future tense?
The second instance of ‘werden’ => since werden is used to form both the future and the passive, it is only used once, in the second position.
We will be tested in French next week. [Future passive]
Wir werden nächste Woche in Französisch geprüft (werden). [second werden cancelled out]
geprüft = proved
In the present perfect (past) tense, the modal verb…
… is placed at the end of the sentence, in the infinitive. (after the infinitive of the main verb, i.e. first habe, the main verb, then lastly modal verb)
I had to help the neighbours. [Present perfect with modal]
Ich habe den Nachbarn helfen müssen.
The present perfect is…
the most common past tense in literary use, and the main one used in conversational German.
I had my car washed.
Ich habe meinen Wagen waschen lassen.
I have never been able to do that.
Das habe ich nie gekonnt.
have become [present perfect (i.e past tense)] in the present voice
ist/ sind geworden
