G PSY CH 9 SG

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

a field of psychology that examines age-related physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the life span

Question 2

What are the research methods in Developmental psychology?

Answer 2

longitudinal and cross-sectional

Question 3

Longitudinal study

Answer 3

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period (study same group of participants when they are 8, 18, and 28)

Question 4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal study?

Answer 4

advantages - traces development through the years
disadvantage - attrition (drop out) and takes a long time to get data

Question 5

Cross-sectional study

Answer 5

examines people of different ages at a single point in time (study a group of participants at 8, a group at 18, and a group at 28 and compare the results)

Question 6

What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional study?

Answer 6

advantages - less time and less attrition
disadvantages - difficult to know if differences are really age related

Question 7

Who are the major figures in child development?

Answer 7

Piaget, Vygotsky, Harlows, Ainsworth, Erikson, Kohlberg, and Baumrind

Question 8

What has Piaget contributed?

Answer 8

cognitive development

Question 9

What has Vygotsky contributed?

Answer 9

social and cultural factors influencing cognitive development

Question 10

What has Harlows contributed?

Answer 10

attachment research

Question 11

What has Ainsworth contributed?

Answer 11

attachment

Question 12

What has Erikson contributed?

Answer 12

the psychosocial stages

Question 13

What has Kohlberg contributed?

Answer 13

moral development

Question 14

What has Baumrind contributed?

Answer 14

parenting styles

Question 15

What are the different parenting styles?

Answer 15

permissive, uninvolved, authoritarian, authoritative (best), and helicopter parenting

Question 16

Permissive parenting style

Answer 16

parents make few demands and rarely use punishment

Question 17

Uninvolved parenting style

Answer 17

parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands

Question 18

Authoritarian parenting style

Answer 18

parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child

Question 19

Authoritative parenting style

Answer 19

parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

Question 20

Helicopter parenting style

Answer 20

over parenting, involves developmentally inappropriate levels of control and assistance (over-control)

Question 21

Cognitive development

Answer 21

domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Question 22

Cognitive empathy

Answer 22

ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others

Question 23

Physiological development

Answer 23

puberty, sexual health, fertility, menopause, changes in our senses, and primary versus secondary aging

Question 24

Nature

Answer 24

genes and biology

Question 25

Nurture

Answer 25

environment and culture

Question 26

Sex

Answer 26

one's biological status

Question 27

Gender

Answer 27

the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed

Question 28

Gender identity

Answer 28

feeling or sense of being male, female, or an alternative gender and contentment with one's gender

Question 29

Gender roles

Answer 29

collection of actions, beliefs, and characteristics that a culture associates with masculinity and femininity

Question 30

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 30

related directly to reproduction (ovaries/testes)

Question 31

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 31

traits not involved in sexual reproduction but indicate sexual maturity (breasts, body hair)

Question 32

Social changes

Answer 32

adolescents become more autonomous from their parents, spend more time with peers, and begin exploring romantic relationships and sexuality

Question 33

Emotional changes

Answer 33

seeking out positive and rewarding experiences and relationships, and learn how to minimize and manage negative emotions

Question 34

Primary aging

Answer 34

gradual physical decline related to aging in all body parts and the rate is variable

Question 35

Secondary aging

Answer 35

age related changes due to the environmental influences, poor health habits, or diseases

Question 36

What are the Kübler-Ross stages of grief?

Answer 36

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Question 37

Continuous development

Answer 37

The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skills

Question 38

What three domains do developmental psychologists study for human growth and development?

Answer 38

physical, cognitive development, and psychosocial

Question 39

How is lifespan development defined?

Answer 39

the study of how we grow and change from conception to death

Question 40

The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called ________.

Answer 40

object permanence

Question 41

Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?

Answer 41

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 42

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?

Answer 42

to solve the crisis of identity versus role confusion (forming an identity)

Question 43

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

Answer 43

zygote, embryo, fetus

Question 44

The time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop is known as ________.

Answer 44

critical period

Question 45

What begins as a single-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge at conception?

Answer 45

zygote

Question 46

Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of ________.

Answer 46

fine motor skills

Question 47

Motor skills

Answer 47

ability to move our body and manipulate objects

Question 48

Fine motor skills

Answer 48

physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin

Question 49

Gross motor skills

Answer 49

physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping

Question 50

The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?

Answer 50

secure attachment

Question 51

The frontal lobes become fully developed ________.

Answer 51

by 25 years old

Question 52

Frontal lobes

Answer 52

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

Question 53

Who created the very first modern hospice?

Answer 53

Dame Cicely Saunders

Question 54

Hospice

Answer 54

service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting

Question 55

Adolescence

Answer 55

period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood

Question 56

Adrenarche

Answer 56

maturing of the adrenal glands

Question 57

Gonadarche

Answer 57

maturing of the sex glands

Question 58

Menarche

Answer 58

beginning of menstrual period; around 12-13 years old

Question 59

Spermarche

Answer 59

first male ejaculation