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General Psych > G PSY CH 9 SG > Flashcards

G PSY CH 9 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

a field of psychology that examines age-related physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the life span

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2
Q

What are the research methods in Developmental psychology?

A

longitudinal and cross-sectional

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3
Q

Longitudinal study

A

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period (study same group of participants when they are 8, 18, and 28)

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal study?

A

advantages - traces development through the years
disadvantage - attrition (drop out) and takes a long time to get data

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5
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

examines people of different ages at a single point in time (study a group of participants at 8, a group at 18, and a group at 28 and compare the results)

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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional study?

A

advantages - less time and less attrition
disadvantages - difficult to know if differences are really age related

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7
Q

Who are the major figures in child development?

A

Piaget, Vygotsky, Harlows, Ainsworth, Erikson, Kohlberg, and Baumrind

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8
Q

What has Piaget contributed?

A

cognitive development

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9
Q

What has Vygotsky contributed?

A

social and cultural factors influencing cognitive development

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10
Q

What has Harlows contributed?

A

attachment research

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11
Q

What has Ainsworth contributed?

A

attachment

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12
Q

What has Erikson contributed?

A

the psychosocial stages

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13
Q

What has Kohlberg contributed?

A

moral development

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14
Q

What has Baumrind contributed?

A

parenting styles

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15
Q

What are the different parenting styles?

A

permissive, uninvolved, authoritarian, authoritative (best), and helicopter parenting

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16
Q

Permissive parenting style

A

parents make few demands and rarely use punishment

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17
Q

Uninvolved parenting style

A

parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands

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18
Q

Authoritarian parenting style

A

parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child

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19
Q

Authoritative parenting style

A

parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

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20
Q

Helicopter parenting style

A

over parenting, involves developmentally inappropriate levels of control and assistance (over-control)

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21
Q

Cognitive development

A

domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

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22
Q

Cognitive empathy

A

ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others

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23
Q

Physiological development

A

puberty, sexual health, fertility, menopause, changes in our senses, and primary versus secondary aging

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24
Q

Nature

A

genes and biology

25
Q

Nurture

A

environment and culture

26
Q

Sex

A

one’s biological status

27
Q

Gender

A

the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed

28
Q

Gender identity

A

feeling or sense of being male, female, or an alternative gender and contentment with one’s gender

29
Q

Gender roles

A

collection of actions, beliefs, and characteristics that a culture associates with masculinity and femininity

30
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

related directly to reproduction (ovaries/testes)

31
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

traits not involved in sexual reproduction but indicate sexual maturity (breasts, body hair)

32
Q

Social changes

A

adolescents become more autonomous from their parents, spend more time with peers, and begin exploring romantic relationships and sexuality

33
Q

Emotional changes

A

seeking out positive and rewarding experiences and relationships, and learn how to minimize and manage negative emotions

34
Q

Primary aging

A

gradual physical decline related to aging in all body parts and the rate is variable

35
Q

Secondary aging

A

age related changes due to the environmental influences, poor health habits, or diseases

36
Q

What are the Kübler-Ross stages of grief?

A
  1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
37
Q

Continuous development

A

The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skills

38
Q

What three domains do developmental psychologists study for human growth and development?

A

physical, cognitive development, and psychosocial

39
Q

How is lifespan development defined?

A

the study of how we grow and change from conception to death

40
Q

The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called ________.

A

object permanence

41
Q

Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

42
Q

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?

A

to solve the crisis of identity versus role confusion (forming an identity)

43
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

A

zygote, embryo, fetus

44
Q

The time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop is known as ________.

A

critical period

45
Q

What begins as a single-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge at conception?

A

zygote

46
Q

Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of ________.

A

fine motor skills

47
Q

Motor skills

A

ability to move our body and manipulate objects

48
Q

Fine motor skills

A

physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin

49
Q

Gross motor skills

A

physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping

50
Q

The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?

A

secure attachment

51
Q

The frontal lobes become fully developed ________.

A

by 25 years old

52
Q

Frontal lobes

A

the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

53
Q

Who created the very first modern hospice?

A

Dame Cicely Saunders

54
Q

Hospice

A

service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting

55
Q

Adolescence

A

period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood

56
Q

Adrenarche

A

maturing of the adrenal glands

57
Q

Gonadarche

A

maturing of the sex glands

58
Q

Menarche

A

beginning of menstrual period; around 12-13 years old

59
Q

Spermarche

A

first male ejaculation

General Psych (7 decks)

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